# Welcome to ARTIS ECO ARTIS is the decentralized backbone for tomorrow’s #ZeroCarbonSociety. ## About We came to realize that the only way to solve the climate crisis fast enough, is by enabling ordinary citizens to take matters regarding the production and use of energy into their own hands. This demands a high performance, secure and versatile blockchain system, which serves as a foundation for Energy Communities, energy trading, data markets, asset tokenization and community currencies. Therefore, we build the ARTIS blockchain network with the most performant cooperative consensus algorithm - Honey Badger BFT - and it will be governed and funded by the community through staking and on-chain voting via a Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO). {% embed url="" %} # Features The following features render ARTIS as the best decentralized blockchain network to be the backbone for applications fighting the climate crisis. ## Sovereign Operating System ARTIS strives to offer all key elements needed to build and maintain sovereignty for individuals and organizations. The Sovereign Operating System is built for IoT, people and corporations in order to go well beyond GDPR compliance for personal data and reduce the lock-in friction for corporations. The energy and mobility system needs fast and diverse innovation, which is why the Sovereign Operating System is designed to promote open innovation for all. Key elements of the Sovereign Operating System are: * DID and Verifiable Credential management * Wallet for identity and asset management * Decentralization and scalability roadmap * DAO and community currencies formation * Decentralized storage and proxy re-encryption ## Outstanding Energy Efficiency ARTIS is well beyond 500x more energy efficient than Visa and can therefore process transactions in a much more sustainable way. More details on that - see [ARTIS Energy Efficiency](/about/r-and-d/artis-energy-efficiency). The upcoming ARTIS 2.0 'Moon' network upgrade and the introduction of the Honey Badger BFT consensus algorithm allows to improve processing speed, while maintaining the low energy consumption despite improved decentralization. This is especially important when considering future operational cost for the network, leading towards sustainable coin economics (aiming for a caped supply). ## Built for People, IoT and Corporations With the ARTIS 2.0 'Moon' network upgrade the introduction of [Honey Badger BFT consensus](/about/r-and-d/honeybadger-bft-testing-sonnwende+-project) and [POSDAO](https://www.xdaichain.com/for-validators/posdao-whitepaper), the network will improve a lot in its robustness, decentralization, performance (TPS) and processing speed. This will be important for all applications to simplify blockchain interactions (e.g. waiting times) and increase the security of the network, when adopting a public delegated Proof of Stake (dPoS). #### Honey Badger BFT - Specifics: * **Fully Asynchronous:** Maximum throughput for current network conditions. * **No fixed Block Time:** Blocks are created on-demand, no mandatory waiting time. * **Low Latency:** Transactions are getting processed without artificial delay. * **Instant Finality:** Every block is final and there is no possibility for forking. * **No Waste:** Blocks are only produced when needed, no energy and space is wasted. * [**Censorship resistant, no MEV**](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1904.05234.pdf)**:** Due to threshold cryptography typical problems of other blockchain systems are unknown to HBBFT. #### POSDAO, Public dPoS & Governance - Specifics: * **POSDAO:** There will be 100 slots for Candidates, which will be selected as Validators by the protocol. * **Staking:** Validators, Candidates and Delegators secure the network with their stake and get rewarded. * **Governance:** The pool of Candidates will be actively managed through the governance mechanism. ## Connected to xDai Chain and Ethereum There are [three bridges](/archive/tools/artis-to-ethereum-bridges) between ARTIS ∑1 and Ethereum and soon there will also be a bridge between ARTIS ∑1 and xDai Chain. Right now the [ATS20 (ERC-20 token) can be bought](/archive/getting-ats-coins) on Ethereum with a simple ETH payment. This is providing a simple way to get hold of some tokens, e.g. for deploying contracts or doing other transactions on the ARTIS ∑1 mainnet. The bridge between ARTIS ∑1 and xDai Chain enables simple bi-directional transfers of ATS and in a second step also the transfer of any token between the two networks. This is a first step towards the listing of ATS or other ARTIS hosted tokens on [Honeyswap](https://honeyswap.org). ## Scalability - Energy Innovation Platform The ARTIS network can be scaled horizontally and vertically, meaning by increasing the block gas limit to e.g. 20m, it is possible to put 450 transactions in one block and with the Honey Badger BFT consensus blocks can be finalized within 1 second. Beyond this capacity there is an ever growing group of solutions for Layer 2 protocols - e.g. [Optimistic Rollups and ZK-Rollups](https://medium.com/matter-labs/optimistic-vs-zk-rollup-deep-dive-ea141e71e075), which provide about 100x scaling of L1 (=Visa scale capacity). This will allow to keep transaction cost low and because of the active node software development tailored to the energy and mobility sector, ARTIS is the go-to energy innovation platform. # Roadmap The ARTIS roadmap outlines activities for the next 6 months in greater detail and further ideas what likely into focus at a later stage. {% hint style="danger" %} Due to the abrupt and unexpected halt of the planned Gnosis Auction, the roadmap is not reflecting the current status. Please read more in our [blog post.](https://lab10collective.medium.com/miva-auction-arrives-first-artis-awaits-for-another-moment-df1cb3601e98) {% endhint %} You find the current high-level roadmap on the [ARTIS website](https://artis.eco). {% hint style="warning" %} The ARTIS roadmap is an approximate outline what we think will be needed in the future. It is subject to changes depending on market conditions, community feedback and funding. {% endhint %} {% hint style="info" %} The ARTIS 2.0 network (called ARTIS ∑2) will start as a new blockchain with a new coin distribution and a 2-token concept like xDAI Chain. Transaction fees will be paid in sEUR token ([Synthetix](https://synthetix.io/)). {% endhint %} {% hint style="info" %} The ARTIS 2.0 network will be fully governed and funded by the [ARTIS DAO](/artis-2.0-whitepaper/artis-dao) via the gATS governance token. Therefore, the lab10 collective will initially help to bootstrap it, but the priorities will be defined by the ARTIS DAO. {% endhint %} Last update: 29 March, 2021 | [*Change Log*](/about/roadmap#change-log) ## Activities ### Q1/2021 #### Technological Development During Q4/2020 the integration of [Honey Badger BFT](/about/r-and-d/honeybadger-bft-testing-sonnwende+-project) progressed and in October a first testnet was set-up and ran stable (see [Tweet](https://twitter.com/artis_eco/status/1315544071524495360?s=20)). * [x] Specify and communicate the transition path from ARTIS 1.0 to ARTIS 2.0 * [x] Setup bridge from ARTIS ∑1 to xDAI Chain and the 'Launch' contract to re-allocate xATS token into pools, governed by the ARTIS DAO * [ ] Implement initial governance for ARTIS 2.0 related token pool management (multi-sig / gATS governance token) * [ ] Public HBBFT consensus testnet including epoch changes #### Business Development In line with the general roadmap on the [ARTIS website](https://artis.eco/), it is all about getting towards establishing a public price for ATS as well as establishing liquidity for traders. * [x] Integrate bridging ATS --> xATS into the Minerva wallet and describe the needed actions when using Metamask for the transition * [x] Define, prepare xATS token Gnosis Auction * [ ] Define incentivised testnet operation of future ARTIS 2.0 validators ### Q2/2021 #### Technological Development In Q2 the focus is on everything which is needed to start and finish the Gnosis Auction of xATS on the xDAI Chain and the listing on Honeyswap DEX with liquidity mining support. Technically the start of ARTIS 2.0 (∑2 network) is prepared. * [ ] Build and provide the gATS token managed ARTIS DAO governance system * [ ] Provide tools and technical guidelines for ARTIS 2.0 (∑2 network) * [ ] Implement xATS liquidity mining (TBD by ARTIS DAO) * [ ] Adapt Blockscout explorer if necessary for the finial 2-token concept * [ ] Run incentivised testnets with future ARTIS 2.0 validators #### Business Development New projects, new cooperations and good ATS liquidity are being worked on. * [ ] Integrate direct xDAI purchase and WalletConnect into the Minerva wallet * [ ] Finish xATS token Gnosis Auction provide Honeyswap liquidity and establish the ARTIS DAO governance for token pools * [ ] Distribute gATS token to Gnosis Auction participants * [ ] Announce infrastructure corporations for ARTIS 2.0 * [ ] On-boarding energy and mobility startups ### Q3/2021 #### Technological Development After the Gnosis Auction, Honeyswap DEX listing and some liquidity mining, it is likely that there are still some issues to solve regarding the resilience of the node software and the governance system. Another important development is around easy understandable performance metrics of nodes in order to give guidance for delegators (stakers) and the ARTIS DAO governance system. #### Business Development In line the outlined [use cases](/about/use-cases) the build-up and strengthening of business ties to startups and corporations as well as governmental bodies will be in focus. This in turn will feedback on technical developments due to the needs of the users. There are good reasons to also have a CEX Listing and this will be evaluated once the liquidity on the used DEX is sufficient. ### Q4/2021 #### Technological Development Although ARTIS 2.0 has a high performance and can handle easily hundreds of transactions per second, it is likely that once adoption kicks in a layer 2 rollup will be needed to avoid capacity constraints. #### Business Development Cross-chain exchange, the listing of ATS on another EVM blockchains or on a layer 2 rollup will be evaluated and considered. Further business ties in connection with the establishment of a decentralized commons infrastructure are continued. ## Change Log | Update | Changes | | ---------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------- | | 29 March, 2021 | Minor updates, EasyAuction --> Gnosis Auction | | 3 March, 2021 | Minor update, reflecting the start of the EasyAuction in April | | 31 January, 2021 | ARTIS 2.0 new blockchain; new coin distribution; 2-token system | | 15 January, 2021 | Adjustments regarding ARTIS DAO governance and token auction | | 12 January, 2021 | Major updates, beyond just referring to the ARTIS website | | November, 2020 | First time publishing | # Sovereign OS The aim of the whole Sovereign OS stack is, that every organization or individual can maintain sovereignty over their identity, money and data. For applications on top of ARTIS it's essential to provide Energy-LEGO's, just like they are needed for DeFi (Open Finance) on Ethereum and xDai Chain. {% content-ref url="/pages/-MJqbNsYAWKMi7gIPfNe" %} [Digital Wallet - Minerva](/about/sovereign-operating-system/digital-wallet-minerva) {% endcontent-ref %} {% content-ref url="/pages/-MJNB8RErotqNm5KXBlE" %} [Sovereign ID Layer](/about/sovereign-operating-system/decentralized-id-layer) {% endcontent-ref %} {% content-ref url="/pages/-MJq\_Xw0rOEMXOkNapPT" %} [Decentralized Storage Layer](/about/sovereign-operating-system/decentralized-storage-layer) {% endcontent-ref %} # Digital Wallet - Minerva Minerva is the only wallet for self-sovereign identities🦉and money's 💵. It's allowing you to maintain full control over your funds, credentials and data. 🚀 Digital wallets could become or are already the gatekeepers to access blockchain systems - e.g. through listing hurdles. Furthermore, they are either dealing with crypto or self-sovereign identities, but never both. For most real live use cases (e.g. buying / selling energy) we need both - identity & money. Minerva offers that in the most decentralized way via DIDs and Verifiable Credentials, standardized by the W3C. This combination will enable solutions the Web2.0 can't offer: * Going beyond payment system monopolies * Password-less registration and login * Seamless integration with IoT devices * Low cost fraud prevention via smart contracts * GDPR friendly selective disclosure of data * ... {% embed url="" %} # Sovereign ID Layer Decentralized identifiers (DID's) and Verifiable Credentials are standardized by the W3C and build an important foundation for the Web3.0. ARTIS provides the standard registry for DID registrations (Method: did:ethr) and the management of Verifiable Credentials, which is needed to develop a whole new set of use cases. ![DIDs are self-certified and make Certification Authorities redundant](/files/-MJrY6ovD9VZ_p1yQl9y) Here are the articles in this section: {% content-ref url="/pages/-MJNBUvJnojFFOa2XDAY" %} [DID Registration](/about/sovereign-operating-system/decentralized-id-layer/did-registration) {% endcontent-ref %} {% content-ref url="/pages/-MJNBbl4gSqFKoqclOBV" %} [Verifiable Credential Management](/about/sovereign-operating-system/decentralized-id-layer/verifiable-credential-management) {% endcontent-ref %} {% content-ref url="/pages/-MJNC62hHCHvRn3iSNRv" %} [Transaction Relayer](/about/sovereign-operating-system/decentralized-id-layer/transaction-relayer) {% endcontent-ref %} # DID Registration Every organization and device which issues Verifiable Credentials and signs transactions needs their unique, fully self-sovereign DID in a public register. For ARTIS there is a permissionless registration service in development, to enable seamless interaction without the need of Certification Authorities. This will tremendously reduce friction and cost, while increasing the speed of open innovation. ![Early version of the 'lab10 - DID Registry Service' ](/files/-MJr_7Lc97eTUocvdnFa) It will utilize the method: did:ethr, established as an open standard by UPort providing the most versatile DID method without the danger of a hard lock-in for registered organizations and devices. # Verifiable Credential Management Verifiable Credentials (VC's) need to be issued, stored, transferred and verified and essential parts will be linked to the ARTIS blockchain. The cryptographically signed data packages are highly secure and easy transferable. They are mostly in a JWT or JSON-LD format and through the use of Zero-Knowledge Proofs it is possible to selectively disclose information to a recipient (verifier). ![General representation of a W3C standard logic for VC's](/files/-MJrdO_8NHBps3-UEQJA) Example: You have VC from your bank and it contains a lot of personal information - now with the use of ZKPs you can select to provide only the data which is really needed for the recipient. In case if it is needed, the validity of VC's can be checked via a registered hash on the ARTIS blockchain. # Transaction Relayer Most companies are not familiar with the management of coins (e.g. ATS) to pay for transaction fees. This is the point, where a transaction relayer is needed. The reduction of friction for companies to interact with ARTIS is very important in order to get applications up and running fast. Nevertheless, a relayer is an exchangeable component within the component architecture and causes no hard lock-in for the company or user. ![](/files/-MJrl93t6h-3oj-up6og) # Decentralized Storage Layer As it was stated in the very beginning of the Ethereum ecosystem - it needs a blockchain, storage and messaging to build unstoppable applications. ARTIS is one part to build unstoppable energy and mobility applications fully under control of organizations, individuals and Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs). Decentralized storage protocols like IPFS (Interplanetary File System) or SWARM could be understood as 'SUPER CLOUD', where everything can be stored by anyone. Here are the articles in this section: {% content-ref url="/pages/-MJq\_fmgKHTBxioW2IZI" %} [IPFS](/about/sovereign-operating-system/decentralized-storage-layer/ipfs) {% endcontent-ref %} {% content-ref url="/pages/-MJNCUnVfGrwZ6RU3BlX" %} [SWARM](/about/sovereign-operating-system/decentralized-storage-layer/swarm-ipfs-storage) {% endcontent-ref %} # IPFS A peer-to-peer hypermedia protocol designed to make the web faster, safer, and more open. The Interplanetary Filesystem was started 2013 by [Juan Benet](https://github.com/jbenet) and from 2014 till now he is working with Protocol Labs' on developing the protocol and introduce also an incentives via [Filecoin](https://coinlist.co/filecoin) which launched the mainnet in Oct. 2020. {% embed url="" %} # SWARM Storage and communication infrastructure for self-sovereign digital society back-end stack for the decentralized web. The development of SWARM is done by some of the most talented developers in the world and after switching to the same network layer as IPFS and Ethereum, the project is finally coming to fruition. In Sept. 2020 the Beta was presented and in Q1 the BZZ token is planned to launch on Ethereum. {% embed url="" %} # Use Cases There are thousands of applications within the energy sector and the ARTIS Ecosystem is developed to serve them best. Here are the articles in this section: {% content-ref url="/pages/-MJNPt1LR5UvEY7\_U\_FW" %} [Energy Communities & P2P Trading](/about/use-cases/communities-and-trading) {% endcontent-ref %} {% content-ref url="/pages/-MQQUAt4LirTs-hfCbIr" %} [Asset Tokenization](/about/use-cases/asset-tokenization) {% endcontent-ref %} {% content-ref url="/pages/-MQQmNmF6vMfI83wxTcX" %} [Data Marketplace](/about/use-cases/data-marketplace) {% endcontent-ref %} {% content-ref url="/pages/-MJNQTyAsOfdN3Co1Hoh" %} [Community Currencies](/about/use-cases/community-currencies) {% endcontent-ref %} {% content-ref url="/pages/-MJNQB2k9f9PQUoJaOhM" %} [Multimodal Traveling Platform](/about/use-cases/mulit-modal-travelling-platform) {% endcontent-ref %} {% content-ref url="/pages/-MJNQ1wTfPsMiO0trA-K" %} [Physical Internet Platform](/about/use-cases/physical-internet-platform) {% endcontent-ref %} {% content-ref url="/pages/-MOIKEbXRl3KhBB-uY1z" %} [Satellite Monitored Carbon Sequestration](/about/use-cases/satellite-monitored-carbon-sequestration) {% endcontent-ref %} # Energy Communities & P2P Trading Renewable Energy Communities (RECs) and Citizen Energy Communities (CECs) are a new market player in the EU. The [Clean Energy Package](https://ec.europa.eu/energy/topics/energy-strategy/clean-energy-all-europeans_en) was put into EU law by 2019 and has to be made available in all member states latest by July 2021 is a major milestone to open up the energy market for more innovation, active participation and a fast transition towards green energy. ![](/files/-MKYTn7IluoQpNpqs3LQ) There are two types of energy communities: | | Renewable Energy Communities | Citizen Energy Communities | | ------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Organization | Legal entity | Legal entity | | Energy Type | Renewable Energy | Electricity | | Service Area | Local | No Limitation | | Participation | People, Municipalities and SME's but **NO** Incumbent Energy Companies | People, Municipalities and SME's but **NO** Incumbent Energy Companies | This will democratize the energy market for the first time and create a more resilient, cleaner and participative energy system. Technology wise this is best served with the [Sovereign Operating System](/about/sovereign-operating-system), providing identities for IoT devices, people and organizations in combination with the smart contract and token capabilities on the ARTIS blockchain. The formation of communities can be done in DAOs (Decentralized Autonomous Organizations) as well as traditional associations and cooperatives. Needless to say, governance will play a major role in Energy Communities. P2P trading of energy will be unlocked for the first time in Europe and considering approx. 200m households, 10000 kWh energy consumption and an average price of 20ct/kWh, this is a 400bn Euro market. Even more impressive will be the renewable energy investments over the next decades (trillions of Euro's) and the simplification of capital flows towards Energy Communities via the ARTIS Ecosystem are part of the current development strategy. Further details on the 'State of the Energy Union' can be found [here](https://ec.europa.eu/energy/topics/energy-strategy/energy-union/fifth-report-state-energy-union_en). # Asset Tokenization Massive investments are needed to fund the energy transition towards renewables. The energy transition towards renewable energy will cost trillions of Euros in the next decades and it will be hard to get the right allocation of money to the right places. This will open up new markets for tokenized assets. {% hint style="info" %} Renewable energy investments will be made available to everyone with a smart phone and returns can flow back without any friction. {% endhint %} While shared asset ownership is usually a very boring market with a rather limited returns, it can be structured much more interesting if it involves new token models. Furthermore, if the bonding is done to decentralized, low inflation currencies like ATS, ETH or BTC the investment is protected from devaluations of fiat money, caused by excessive money printing from central banks. ![ ](/files/-MQQhcIduhTnLFkWSi9y) # Data Marketplace Data has become a new commodity and generates massive value in aggregated form. So far we have seen the formation of massive corporations like Google or Facebook building on a business model fully dependent on user data. By providing free services they are able to accumulate so much data so that they can offer targeted marketing services for companies out there. The problem is that these companies are often spending much more on marketing than they actually need, based on false KPI's and assumptions. [Read how Uber wasted 100m USD on adds](https://mobile.twitter.com/nandoodles/status/1345774768746852353). Nevertheless, data markets will become huge once that siloed data is made better available to open markets and that data will be of much better quality, suitable for AI development and basic research. Some examples where we see a perfect fit with the ARTIS network: | Datatype | Used for: | | ------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | Weather | Weather apps; Power production forecast; Energy consumption forecast; Derivative markets; Basic research; etc. | | Energy Consumption | Energy efficiency verification; Prediction models; Grid planning; Residential development planning; Energy markets; etc. | | Energy Production | Carbon emission markets; Grid planning; Prediction models; Basic research; Energy markets; etc. | | Mobility | Traffic modeling; Prediction models; Traffic safety; Urban development planning; Navigation; etc. | | Satellite | Carbon emissions markets; Deforestation control; Land usage monitoring; Prediction models; etc. | Building data marketplaces is pioneered by Ocean Protocol and is already launched on Ethereum mainnet and the economical model is currently refined to meet the expectations of the team and the community around it. ARTIS is a perfect place for data pools connected to such a marketplace design involving Balancer pools and ERC20 token in combination with aggregated data sources. Trent McConaghy (Ocean Protocol) wrote a great [blog post](https://blog.oceanprotocol.com/ocean-market-an-open-source-community-marketplace-for-data-4b99bedacdc3) about this new approach to enable data marketplaces for many blockchain networks. ![Ocean Market on Ethereum mainnet: https://market.oceanprotocol.com/](/files/-MQR4BbE3IVtCY1MR9Da) # Community Currencies Energy is the new currency. In more and more communities there is a growing awareness that we can only increase our standard of living if essential things in life - such as energy and food - are also produced and consumed locally. While local markets for food have been on the rise for decades, independent energy production is still in its infancy. However, this is changing very quickly, especially because of solar and wind energy, and is opening up the market for regional currencies based on energy. The ARTIS Ecosystem provides everything needed for community currencies - identity and token management. Furthermore, with bridges to [xDai Chain](https://www.xdaichain.com/) and [Ethereum](https://ethereum.org/en/) it can tap into all the available decentralized financial markets (e.g. [Honeyswap](https://honeyswap.org/#/swap)). ![](/files/-MKYn2Ezr4f-1_wlUQnA) The simplest analogy to these new types of community currencies is the well known [Miles-and-More](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_%26_More) system, which let's you not just buy flights but also pay for many goods and services within that system. Community currencies are acting in a similar way. They keep purchasing power in the region and help to build and rebuild local economies. In times of COVID-19 this will be more urgently needed than ever. A typical application is, for example, payment for charging an electric car, as demonstrated at [Mission Innovation Austria Week](https://missioninnovationaustriaweek.at/recap/en/): {% embed url="" %} # Physical Internet Platform The global transport sector accounts for 22% of GHG emissions of which 34% can be accounted to trucks \[1]. In our global and regional demand for goods there is an urgent need to make transportation more sustainable and the most promising way to do so is the use of standard containers in combination with a package delivery system similar to the internet, called the Physical Internet (PI). ![Source: Montreuil, B., R.D. Meller, E. Ballot (2010), Towards a physical internet](/files/-ML41KFByUuuQ7kP5kAv) Transportation logistics is very inefficient ([less than 10% overall efficiency](https://www.scl.gatech.edu/sites/default/files/downloads/towardsphysicalinternet-impactlogisticsmh_benoitmontreuil.pdf)) and therefore massive savings in cost and carbon-emissions can be utilized. ![Source: Ballot E., B. Montreuil, R. Meller (2015), The Physical Internet: The Network of Logistics Networks](/files/-ML4ACZnfPsAHfcB2di0) The problem to be solved is the incredible complexity for the value accounting of deliveries and storage by thousands of independent organizations. The solution is a blockchain based automatic accounting, utilized through extensive use of RFID technology and fully automated storage facilities. Over time also the trucking itself will become fully automated and fully electric, so that finally transport has the least possible impact onto the environment. \[1] # Multimodal Traveling Platform Travel is a massive emitter of carbon dioxide and other harmful pollutants, which will therefore change towards green travel with higher convenience and security. Even when we travel is currently hampered due to COVID-19, we all will see a surge in the travel industry as soon as the travel restrictions are lifted again. But this will act against any measure to reduce carbon emissions to net-zero by 2040. Therefore let's paint a less grim picture how we envision traveling for the future, but before we do that, we want to make sure to get the idea across by showing you how the 'centralized' version of such a platform looks like. {% embed url="" %} There are basically three global companies on the planet in control of all bookings and they have a fairly [poor reputation when it comes to securing your personal data](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n8WVo-YLyAg\&feature=emb_title). Improvements in security, convenience and implementation speed will be possible and the management of tickets and payments could be easily done in the following way: * Travelers get their ticket(s) sent to their personal wallet, e.g. [Minerva](/about/sovereign-operating-system/digital-wallet-minerva) * Tickets are [Verifiable Credentials](https://www.w3.org/TR/vc-data-model/) and can be checked independently * Verifiable Credentials can be combined to [Verifiable Presentations](https://w3c-ccg.github.io/vp-request-spec/) acting as a combined ticket * Claiming final payment can be automated once a certain mode of transport is used or in case of not using a pre-booked transport, a refund can be claimed by the traveler. Decentralization is a key success factor in this use case, as the centralized approach is rigid and expensive. Once we see a little better penetration of DIDs, VCs and digital wallets, it will become obvious to everyone that this is a massive improvement over the status quo. # Satellite Monitored Carbon Sequestration Regenerative agriculture is likely the only non-technical solution to bring climate change under control. For a long time we have been skeptical when someone is offsetting their emissions with 'tree planting' or 'soil improvements' in often far away foreign countries. We also stay skeptical and likely so will you, if you read [this](https://www.climatechangenews.com/2020/12/11/10-myths-net-zero-targets-carbon-offsetting-busted/). Nevertheless, if capturing carbon in soils is done properly, it becomes a tremendously important measure to utilize earths vast areas of degraded land, when combating climate change. This in combination with a stop on cutting down forests can actually get us back to sustainable CO2 levels in the atmosphere, at about 280 ppm. {% embed url="" %} Just Have A Think: Regenerative Agriculture - Part 1 {% endembed %} In many projects it was proven that it is possible to monitor the water cycle, deforestation and soil carbon sequestration via satellites, e.g. from [ESA](https://copernicus-masters.com/winner/soil-carbon-sequestration-in-agricultural-systems-yes-we-carbon/) and [NASA](https://smap.jpl.nasa.gov/news/1246/nasas-smap-releases-first-calibrated-data/#.VcON0Wkh5-E.facebook). This can be used to dramatically simplify the measurements and avoid fraudulent reporting to sell carbon credits. Carbon credits are today already a large business sector, but this business is poised to grow dramatically, as long as energy generation, industrial processes and transport system have not fully transitioned to a sustainable operation. We see a large business opportunity to make sure that carbon sequestration can be trusted and that there is an open market to buy these carbon credits on a global scale via cryptocurrency secured by the ARTIS blockchain system. {% embed url="" %} Just Have A Think: Regenerative Agriculture - Part 2 {% endembed %} # Comparisons We present here comparisons with other blockchain networks, if we were asked to work on them and there is some sort of connection or competition over use cases. The ARTIS ecosystem focuses on the energy and mobility market and therefore leaves Open Finance (DeFi) applications to the already successful blockchains [Ethereum](https://ethereum.org) and [xDai Chain](https://www.xdaichain.com/), whereby the possibilities available there are opened up by connecting them via bridges. ![ARTIS is not competing with established DeFi ecosystems, but utilizing them.](/files/-MK_PzS_d_-VxEOxSx3Y) Here are the articles in this section: {% content-ref url="/pages/-MJMM9OlK8-LTY4-WsZH" %} [xDai Chain](/about/comparisons/xdai-chain) {% endcontent-ref %} {% content-ref url="/pages/-MSXsG57mNz5eQLYpz84" %} [ARTIS 2.0](/about/comparisons/artis-2.0) {% endcontent-ref %} # ARTIS 2.0 ARTIS 1.0 <> ARTIS 2.0 Comparison {% hint style="warning" %} ARTIS 2.0 will start as a new blockchain network in Q3/2021. ARTIS 1.0 will be stopped in April 2022. {% endhint %} ### Technical Base Layer | | ARTIS 1.0 (ARTIS ∑1) | ARTIS 2.0 (ARTIS ∑2) | | ------------------------------ | --------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | 1: Compatibility with Ethereum | 100% | 100% | | 2: Chain Type | Sisterchain (ATS\*) | Sidechain (sEUR) | | 3: Token Structure | Single token (ATS\*) | Dual token (sEUR \| ATS) | | 4: Interoperability | TokenBridge | TokenBridge + OmniBridge | | 5: Staking | PoS for Validators | Public dPoS (POSDAO) | | 6: Staking Token | ATS\* (not listed) | ATS | | 7: Mainnet Launch | Nov. 14, 2018 | Q3/2021 (plan) | | 8: Block Time | 5 sec. | 1-2 sec. (typically) | | 9: TPS | 135 (standard transactions) | 450 (reported) | | 10: Metatransactions | Yes | Yes | | 11: Randomness | not available | Within the protocol | | 12: Consensus | AuRa | HBBFT ([more details](/about/r-and-d/honeybadger-bft-testing-sonnwende+-project#honey-badger-bft-performance-tests)) | | 13: Censorship Resistant | No | Yes | | 14: Transaction Finality | Probabilistic | Instant | | 15: MEV | possible | unlikely / impossible | | 16: Network Synchrony | Synchronous / Asynchronous | Asynchronous | | 17: Transaction Fees | in ATS\* | in sEUR (0-10 Gwei) | | 18: Streaming Money | not available | Within the protocol | ARTIS 2.0 is similar to the xDai Chain and uses the sEUR token from [Synthetix](https://www.synthetix.io/) as its coin and for payments on the network. The use of a stable coin like sEUR has the advantage of a better predictability of transaction fees calculated in Euro. The outstanding technical difference to other blockchain systems is the use of the fully asynchronous [Honey Badger BFT consensus](/about/r-and-d/honeybadger-bft-testing-sonnwende+-project) and the native support of streaming money using the [Superfluid protocol](https://www.superfluid.finance/). Security for ARTIS 2.0 will be delivered via the ATS token, which has to be staked by Candidates / Validators and is also used by Delegators in the dPOS like POSDAO system. ### Operation & Governance Transaction fees will be **zero** for whitelisted applications and otherwise will be paid in sEUR in order to make cost predictable for businesses. | | ARTIS 1.0 (ARTIS ∑1) | ARTIS 2.0 (ARTIS ∑2) | | -------------------------- | -------------------- | ---------------------- | | Number of Validators nodes | 8 | 19 | | Number of Candidate nodes | n.a. | 100 (max.) | | Governance through | Validators | ARTIS DAO (gATS token) | ### Tokenomics The total token supply for ARTIS 2.0 will be defined by the migration of ATS\* coming from ARTIS 1.0 via the xDai Chain enabled for 1 year. The migration is described here. | | ARTIS 1.0 (ARTIS ∑1) | ARTIS 2.0 (ARTIS ∑2) | | --------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------- | | Total Supply | 300m ATS\* + 6,307,200 ATS\* yearly block rewards | 300,000,000 ATS (capped) | | Circulating Supply | 311,790,000 ATS\* (Oct. 11, 2020) | 90,000,000 ATS (estimated for the start in Q3/2021) | | Emission | 1 ATS\* / block | via EasyStaking and PoS + dPoS Rewards (details to be defined) | | Inflation | 2.1% p.a | 0% (planned deflation) | | Validator / Delegator Stake | 4.5m ATS\* Validator | TBD | | Staking Reward | about 15% p.a | TBD | # xDai Chain ARTIS 1.0 <> xDai Chain Comparison {% hint style="warning" %} The ARTIS 1.0 network will be stopped in April 2022. {% endhint %} ### Technical Base Layer | | ARTIS 1.0 | xDai Chain | | ------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | | 1: Compatibility with Ethereum | 100% | 100% | | 2: Chain Type | Sisterchain (ATS) | Sidechain (xDAI) | | 3: Token Structure | Single token (ATS) | Dual token (xDAI \| STAKE) | | 4: Interoperability | TokenBridge | TokenBridge + OmniBridge | | 5: Staking | PoS for Validators, dPOS on Roadmap for ARTIS 2.0 |

Phase 1: PoS for selected delegators

Phase 2: Public dPoS

| | 6: Staking Token | ATS | STAKE | | 7: Mainnet Launch | Nov. 14, 2018 | Oct. 8, 2018 | | 8: Block Time | 5 sec. | 5 sec. | | 9: TPS | 135 (standard transactions) | 70 (reported) | | 10: Metatransactions | Yes | Yes | | 11: Randomness | Roadmap for ARTIS 2.0 | Within the protocol | | 12: Consensus | AuRa, Roadmap towards HBBFT for ARTIS 2.0 | AuRa, Roadmap towards HBBFT | ARTIS 1.0 and xDai Chain are very similar on the infrastructure layer. The biggest difference is the use of a single token structure in ARTIS vs. a dual token structure in xDai Chain and the use of the stable token Dai as the native coin in xDai. The use of a stable coin like xDai has the advantage of a better predictability of transaction fees calculated in Dollar, but it also creates additional friction to get xDai in the first place. ATS follows the logic of a triple point asset, as it was coined by [Bankless](). It is a commodity (pay transaction fees), a store-of-value (scarce resource) and a capital asset (needed for staking). Performance wise these two chains are basically equal. ### Operation & Governance | | ARTIS 1.0 | xDai Chain | | -------------------------- | ---------- | ---------- | | Number of Validators nodes | 8 | 12 | | Governance through | Validators | Validators | ### Tokenomics | | ARTIS 1.0 | xDai Chain | | ---------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------- | | Total Supply | 300m ATS + 6,307,200 ATS yearly block rewards | 8,765,000 STAKE (capped) | | Circulating Supply (Oct. 11, 2020) | 311,790,000 ATS | 2,926,000 STAKE | | Emission | 1 ATS / block | via Easystaking and PoS + dPoS Rewards | | Inflation | 2.1% p.a | max. 15% p.a | | Validator / Delegator Stake |

4.5m ATS Validator

delegation in ARTIS 2.0

|

20k STAKE Validator

1k STAKE Delegator

| # R\&D Articles and publications in connection with ARTIS. Here are the articles in this section: {% content-ref url="/pages/-MJuwklwsnoX0pV7rz9d" %} [Honey Badger BFT - Testing (SonnWende+ Project)](/about/r-and-d/honeybadger-bft-testing-sonnwende+-project) {% endcontent-ref %} {% content-ref url="/pages/-MJv1D5ojCXzh0zfKMJr" %} [ARTIS Energy Efficiency](/about/r-and-d/artis-energy-efficiency) {% endcontent-ref %} # Honey Badger BFT - Testing (SonnWende+ Project) Authors: Thomas Zeinzinger, David Forstenlechner, Thomas Haller , Dietmar Hofer ## Introduction The use of blockchain systems in the energy sector has already received a lot of global attention and has prompted large and small utilities and grid operators to conduct various proof-of-concept studies. \ In the context of the SonnWende+ project, we have concluded that typical public blockchains have significant constraints in terms of throughput, latency and cost for many applications in the energy sector. When dealing with reports about the performance of blockchain systems, one has to be careful about how to interpret various figures and claims. Oftentimes, TPS (transactions per second) is presented as the only relevant performance metric. There's two important caveats though: \ 1\) TPS suggests to be a simple metric which allows for easy and meaningful comparisons of various transaction systems. That's however not the case, because the achievable TPS figure depends on a large number of factors and parameters, often with seemingly minor changes making a big difference.\ 2\) While TPS is an important metric for many applications, it is by far not the only important one when it comes to a resilient blockchain network. Oftentimes, high TPS figures are achieved by running the network with a small number of participants (validator / miner nodes). But that's not that big of a challenge. As an example, the global payment network of Visa processes an average of about 4000 TPS \[1] and can likely handle 10x during high demand. To get a more complete picture, we have therefore looked at several important key figures to find a suitable blockchain system for the energy sector in order to improve on the relevant qualities. ## Blockchain Trilemma The term *Blockchain Trilemma* \[2], coined by Vitalik Buterin (founder of Ethereum), describes the difficulty of reconciling decentralization, security and scalability. This is an extremely difficult problem, because although the throughput of a blockchain can be increased to about 1000 - 1500 TPS, there's usually tradeoffs regarding decentralization. This also means that security is no longer guaranteed to the same extent, because a concentrated attack or a simple power failure on the centralized blockchain system can paralyze everything. The properties of a blockchain system are determined by several factors, but most importantly by the consensus protocol it employs. Bitcoin and many other blockchains use the proof-of-work consensus protocol \[3] which is notorious for its enormous energy consumption - Bitcoin uses about as much power as the whole of Austria - 70 TWh \[4]. In systems where anyone can participate in the block production, the transaction throughput is rather low. In order to keep the requirements in terms of computing power and network performance low - with the goal of allowing participation to as many people as possible globally - those systems are parametrized very conservatively. As a consequence, Bitcoin has currently a max. throughput of about 4 TPS and Ethereum of about 15 TPS.\ Ethereum is aiming to improve the already significantly lower energy consumption per transaction compared to Bitcoin by shifting the whole network to Proof-of-Stake \[5] consensus. \ Delegated Proof-of-Stake (dPoS) or Proof-of-Authority (PoA) are solutions where the decentralization is reduced, leading to drastically lower specific energy consumption per transaction, shorter block times of about 4-5 sec. and significantly increased TPS numbers. Censorship resistance - i.e. resistance to the censorship of certain transactions - can unfortunately no longer be guaranteed in such systems. \ Another - often underestimated - problem is the usually unavoidable formation of blockchain bifurcations. This occurs when the distribution of transactions and blocks is not equally fast for every validator (or "block producer"), leading to two or more competing valid blocks being created at a given block height. In such situations, the so-called *fork choice rule* is used to decide which is the correct *fork*. \ In Proof-of-Work systems the leader selection for block production is determined by the fork choice rule and the fastest solution of a complex puzzle. In dPoS and PoA systems it is usually a round robin algorithm where one of the validators produces the block and the other validators check it. In general it can be said that the use of dPoS and PoA systems leads to a significant increase in energy efficiency, thus reduced cost, but many scalability problems remain unsolved. A further problem is the often high hurdle for new participants to participate in the validator network. If these blockchain systems are not publicly available, requiring users to be whitelisted before allowing interactions, many advantages of blockchain systems are lost. In systems providing high global decentralization and security, transaction cost will necessarily remain orders of magnitude higher than the cost of processing a comparable transaction in a simple centralized system - even in a Proof-of-Stake system as is envisioned for Ethereum 2.0. This is a challenge to price sensitive use cases e.g. within the energy sector. ## Energy sector - Expectations towards Blockchain systems Here we want to address the special requirements of the energy sector so that future productive implementations can be aligned with the technological systems. \ One of the basic prerequisites for the use of blockchain systems in the energy sector is their programmability (through so-called *Smart Contracts*). The Ethereum blockchain ecosystem was already highlighted as the leading system during the ComForEn 2018 conference \[6], which is still valid one year later. Ethereum itself, however, currently has a very limited max. throughput of about 15 TPS. While this will change significantly with Ethereum 2.0 \[7], it's not yet clear when the multi-phase process of transitioning to Ethereum 2.0 will be finished (it will likely take in the order of years) and what exactly the performance characteristics and constraints of this sharded system will be.\ Currently, the Ethereum blockchain is developing towards becoming a decentralized financial system. If the pace of innovation and growth in that space remains at current levels or keeps accelerating, it's not unlikely that even the transaction capacity of Ethereum 2.0 will quickly be saturated, driving transaction cost beyond what's sustainable for many energy applications. We therefore assume that although Ethereum technology will be used in energy systems, many applications will either operate in networks other than Ethereum itself. How large and how open these networks will be cannot be foreseen yet and will certainly depend on the respective applications. In general, the security of blockchain systems is very high, but there are many influencing parameters, depending on the use cases. If for example a blockchain system is used to communicate sensor values for controlling an energy system, that would require a higher degree of security and reliability than a blockchain system which just timestamps data for public auditing. SonnWende+ has investigated the following use cases: | Use Case | Est. Tx Load | Est. TPS / 100k People | Latency | Censorship Resistance | Finality | | --------------------------- | ----------------- | ---------------------- | -------------------- | --------------------- | -------------- | | P2P Trading | 5 Tx / 15 min. pP | \~ 550 TPS | important (< 5 sec.) | very important | very important | | Energy Account | 1 Tx / day pP | < 1 TPS | important (< 5 sec.) | less important | less important | | Transparent Crowdinvest | 1 Tx / day pP | < 1 TPS | important (< 5 sec.) | n/a (full KYC / AML) | less important | | Interactionless EV-Charging | 5 Tx / day pP | \~ 6 TPS | important (< 5 sec.) | important | important | Definitions: Latency - time until a transaction is added to a block | Censorship Resistance - ability of validators, block producers or pool operators to censor transactions | Finality - time until a transaction can't be reverted anymore or is highly unlikely to be reverted The above table clearly shows that P2P Trading requires a very high throughput and also has the highest requirements in the areas of latency, censorship resistance and finality. Current node software and consensus algorithms are not yet suitable for fulfilling these requirements in real-world usage scenarios.\ We have therefore studied various consensus algorithms carefully in order to solve the problems mentioned above and finally arrived at the so-called *Honey Badger BFT* consensus, which, at least according to the tests conducted by A. Miller et al. \[8], should be suited to deliver enough performance for applications like P2P trading on a blockchain system. To confirm this, the HBBFT consensus algorithm had to be built into an existing node software and tested in a real environment. The node software from Parity Technologies ("Parity Ethereum") is already equipped with several consensus algorithms (aka *engines*) and has a substantial share among the nodes running the Ethereum mainnet. It is implemented in the programming language *Rust*, known for delivering superior safety guarantees while matching performance of the C++ programming language. We therefore decided to integrate HBBFT into Parity Ethereum, which comes with the benefit of having a codebase which is mature and constantly improved by the larger Ethereum community. ## Honey Badger - An Efficient BFT Consensus Algorithm Honey Badger BFT is the first practical asynchronous BFT (Byzantine fault tolerant) consensus protocol. Unlike most alternatives, it is also a leaderless consensus protocol and offers instant finality of new blocks. It uses threshold encryption to hide the contributions to a new block from other validators until the very point the block is finalized, providing high censorship resistance. These properties result in a unique set of advantages over competing available BFT consensus algorithms, which we will explore in the following sections. ### Latency The high efficiency of Honey Badger BFT consensus follows directly from its asynchronous nature and instant finality. Synchronous BFT protocols rely on specific timing parameters to assure the chain continues if a specific validator is not available or behaves maliciously.\ This results in the need to produce blocks at a specified interval, regardless if transactions are available for processing or not. The choice of those timing parameters has to balance the need for low latency execution of transactions with unnecessarily bloating the chain with a high frequency of empty blocks. Also, synchronous protocols are sensitive to violations of these timing assumptions, either requiring long delays between blocks or sophisticated variable block time heuristics to adapt to changing network latency conditions (example: Tendermint).\ Typical choices for block time are 4-15 seconds, introducing a minimum time distance between blocks, limiting transaction latency and throughput, as visualized in the following diagram: ![](https://wiki.lab10.io/download/attachments/31759243/Synchronous%20Consensus%285%29.png?version=1\&modificationDate=1586762052000\&api=v2) As an asynchronous protocol, Honey Badger BFT needs no such lower bounds and can start producing new blocks the moment new transactions are available for inclusion, while producing no blocks when no transactions are available. It produces exactly as many blocks as needed, when they are actually needed - no more, no less: ![](https://wiki.lab10.io/download/attachments/31759243/Asynchronous%20Blocks%281%29.png?version=2\&modificationDate=1586762111000\&api=v2) Note that if the transactions do not fit into a single block an asynchronous protocol can immediately start creating more blocks until the transaction queue is empty ("bursts"): ![](https://wiki.lab10.io/download/attachments/31759243/Async%20Latency.png?version=2\&modificationDate=1586763884000\&api=v2) Also note that the time it takes to create a block can vary widely depending on fluctuating network latencies on the Internet. \ Honey Badger BFT is uniquely equipped to adapt to these changing conditions, progressing as fast, or slow, as the network allows. This resilient behavior is in stark contrast to most other protocols which either completely stall or experience massive slowdowns if network conditions deteriorate beyond some threshold. The latency in this case is the time it takes for the transaction to be included in the upcoming block. Honey Badger BFT is highly efficient in terms of: * Transaction Latency * Transactions are getting processed without artificial delay. * Transaction Throughput * The frequency of blocks is not artificially constrained by a block time parameter * Creates new blocks on-demand, no mandatory waiting time between blocks. * Disk Space * No empty blocks when there's no transactions * Energy * Only produces new blocks in the presence of transactions to process - idle otherwise. * Graceful degradation * Can always reach the maximum throughput possible with current network conditions ### Instant Absolute Finality With other consensus protocols in practical use today, the inclusion of a transaction in a block usually does not guarantee its continued presence on the chain, since the block is not instantly finalized. This results in further delays until the finality of the block is assured with a reasonable probability (so called *confirmations*). As a leaderless consensus algorithm with the requirement of at least 2/3 of the nodes signing each block, Honey Badger BFT guarantees instant absolute finality \[9] of newly produced blocks.\ This means that in addition to the efficiency advantages mentioned in the previous section, transactions can be considered final as soon as they are included in a new block. ### Censorship Resistance Most other available Byzantine fault tolerant consensus algorithms have to choose an author/leader per block who has full control over the block's content. That leader is free to choose the set of transactions (if any) to include in the next block and the ordering of those transactions, as long as the transactions are valid according to the protocol. As a leaderless algorithm, Honey Badger BFT effectively prevents the withholding/censoring of transactions, because every participating node can contribute a set of transactions to every block. To prevent any participating validator from knowing the contributions of others, a threshold crypto-system is used. The threshold for decryption is defined at exactly to the number of contributions required to finalize a block. This means that validators contributing to a block can only read the content of the individual contributions at the time the block is already finalized, effectively preventing censorship attacks against specific transactions.\ This concealment technique forms the basis for other advantageous properties described below. ### Randomness For many algorithms in computer science, a secure source of randomness is essential. An example for this is the consensus algorithm itself. Like many other PoS protocols, Honey Badger BFT relies on random selection of *validators* for each *epoch*.\ In Ethereum, this problem is usually solved with RANDAO \[10], a commit-reveal scheme for generating providing randomness. Such a generic source of randomness is also known as *Random Beacon*. It is essential for such beacons to be unpredictable before a new block of transactions is final. The threshold cryptography used by Honey Badger BFT provides such a guarantee. Combined with instant finality this results in a very robust environment for build business logic requiring secure randomness. Every validator sends a random number as part of their encrypted contribution. As such it will only be decodeable when the block is already final, preventing any single validator from knowing the random number beforehand. The random numbers are combined using the "XOR" operation, assuring that as long as a single validator is honest, the number is unpredictable. ### Frontrunning The term *frontrunning* refers to an attack which doesn't violate the consensus protocol, but which often violates assumptions of applications.\ An attacker can take advantage of the time window between the broadcasting and the execution (via block inclusion) of a transaction by promptly adding a competing transaction in front of the intercepted one. This frontrunning transaction can change the state of a specific contract such that it takes advantage of the anticipated actions of the intercepted transaction, to the advantage of the attacker. In most public blockchains, block producers tend to order transactions by the fee they offer, thus it is enough for the attacker to offer higher transaction fees than the transaction it wants to frontrun. The attacker may also be a block producer itself, giving it almost total freedom in the picking and ordering of transactions. The strict requirements Honey Badger BFT has on the order of transactions, combined with the availability of a secure source of randomness, makes frontrunning much more difficult. \ The random beacon can be used to shuffle transactions at the time the collection of transactions to include is final. No party can predict or manipulate the position of any transaction on the queue, effectively preventing frontrunning attacks. \ An attacker may still do probabilistic attacks by broadcasting many frontrunning transactions, hoping for at least one of them to successfully frontrun. But even that strategy could be mitigated by relaying transactions sensitive to frontrunning only to validators which the transaction author trusts to not participate in frontrunning themselves. In this case an attacker would not see the transaction before it's already part of a final block. ## Honey Badger BFT - Performance Tests To test our assumptions, we set up a Honey Badger BFT blockchain consisting of 7 validator nodes, providing a tolerance of 3 faulty nodes. The nodes were distributed on servers in Germany and Finland to approximate a real-world environment.\ The client software used was the Parity Ethereum client with our modifications to run the Honey Badger BFT protocol as consensus engine. #### Test Infrastructure The test network was run on 7 virtual servers of which 2 were set up in Finland by hetzner.de and 5 in Germany by netcup.de. The specs of these servers were: * 2 vCPUs * 8GB RAM * SSD Storage #### Latency ![](https://wiki.lab10.io/download/attachments/31759243/hbbft1_latency.png?version=1\&modificationDate=1586764539000\&api=v2) *Figure 1: Processing of transactions to include them into a block.* As shown in Figure 1 the latency is very low, reflecting roughly the time it takes to create a block. It cannot be overemphasized that Honey Badger BFT has instant finality, meaning the numbers reflect the time from sending the transaction to the time the transaction is final on the blockchain, a value often measured in minutes rather than milliseconds \[11]. For comparison, another blockchain using the same test infrastructure was set up, running the AuRa consensus protocol \[12] (also available in the Parity Ethereum client), configured to 4 seconds block time - a very low value for that protocol.\
![](https://wiki.lab10.io/download/attachments/31759243/Image%20Pasted%20at%202020-4-17%2018-29.png?version=2\&modificationDate=1587154188000\&api=v2) *Figure 2: Latency comparison HBBFT vs. AuRa consensus with Parity client software* The orange line represents AuRa, the blue line Honey Badger BFT. The test results reflect the outstanding performance of Honey Badger BFT, with Aura at 2 seconds on average while Honey Badger BFT consistently stays below 1 second on average.\ Note that the numbers for AuRa - despite being considerably higher - don't yet denote time to finality, just time to block inclusion. #### Throughput ![](https://wiki.lab10.io/download/attachments/31759243/hbbft1_throughput.png?version=1\&modificationDate=1586764558000\&api=v2) *Figure 3: Throughput in TPS over time for Honey Badger consensus with Parity client software* The property of instant finality requires a higher communication overhead compared to simple protocols like AuRa. This is reflected in a lower theoretical throughput, especially pronounced in newly started, empty blockchains. With chains of realistic lengths the consensus protocol is rarely the limiting factor - nevertheless, the roughly 450 tx/s shown in Figure 3 are in the range of P2P trading scenarios outlined above. A number of potential optimization targets in the Parity client as well as in the Honey Badger BFT engine implementation have been identified and will be subject of future research, some of which are: * More efficient transaction gossiping strategies * Better compression of messages * Improvements in transaction contribution selection ## Conclusion It was demonstrated that the Honey Badger BFT consensus algorithm can be used in the established Parity client and deliver a comparatively high performance and other very desirable properties needed for various energy sector specific applications. Due to the low latency and instant absolute finality in combination with the high performance, we expect that after further improvements, this client will be a very good choice for both private and public networks. In a recent publication \[13] the Honey Badger BFT consensus was also ranked high considering decentralization and throughput, but in contrast to the outlined limitation to 'permissioned' networks, we already can see how it can also be made available for 'permissionless' networks with a defined validator set, via the POSDAO protocol \[14]. The conducted tests paint a good outlook for the Honey Badger BFT consensus algorithm to be applied in real live blockchain applications, which are definitely not limited to the energy sector alone, but can propel applications deemed to be impossible so far. ## References \[1] VISA CSR Report 2018: \[2] Blockchain Trilemma, Vitalik Buterin: \[3] Proof-of-Work: \[4] Bitcoin Energy Consumption Index: \[5] Caspar the Friendly Finality Gadget: \[6] ComForEn 2018 Tagungsband, p40: \[7] Ethereum 2.0: \[8] The Honey Badger of BFT Protocols, A. Miller et al.: \[9] Absolute Finality: \[10] RANDAO: \[11] Blockchain finality: \[12] AuRa Consensus in Parity: \[13] A Survey of Distributed Consensus Protocols for Blockchain Networks, Yang Xiao et al.: \[14] POSDAO: Proof of Stake Decentralized Autonomous Organization, I. Barionv et al.: # ARTIS Energy Efficiency Authors: Thomas Zeinzinger & Dietmar Hofer In this article we want to present the details about the calculation for energy efficiency of blockchain systems, which is of vital importance when thinking of sustainability.\ We strive at world class efficiency for the [ARTIS blockchain](https://artis.eco/) in combination with very short block times and high throughput. Our friends from [POA Network](https://www.poa.network/) have written about the energy efficiency of the [xDai Chain](https://www.xdaichain.com/), which you can find [here](https://www.xdaichain.com/about-xdai/news-and-information/xdai-energy-efficiency#energy-usage-overview). ### Energy Usage Overview Energy usage equivalents (number of average US households consume the same amount of energy as the following chains / Visa). | Chain / System | # of US Households | | | ---------------------------- | ------------------ | -------------------------------------------- | | Bitcoin | **5,250,408** | 🏭🏭🏭🏭🏭🏭🏭🏢🏢🏢🏢🏢🏢🏢🏢🏢🏘️🏘️🏘️🏘️ | | Ethereum 1.0 | **721,223** | 🏭🏭🏭🏭🏢🏢🏢🏘️🏘️ | | Visa | **42,702** | 🏭🏢🏢🏢🏘️ | | Ethereum 2.0 *\*speculative* | **2,704** | 🏢🏢🏘️ | | xDai Chain | **2.1** | 🏘️ | | ARTIS | **0.8** | 🏠 | ### Energy Efficiency Comparison The Visa payment network is often used to compare the blockchain systems with traditional systems. Instead of only looking at the possible transactions throughput, we also had a look at their energy consumption and worked out a way to normalize the number of transactions in every blockchain network. #### Visa CRS Report 2018 \[1] | Electricity Used (kWh) | Transactions Processed | Transactions per Second (TPS) | Estimated TPS Capacity | Electricity / Transaction (Wh/Tx) | | ---------------------- | ---------------------- | ----------------------------- | ---------------------- | --------------------------------- | | 444,063,000 | 124.3 bn | 3942 | 7883 (=200%) | 1.79 | Note that this figure includes only the energy in the form of electricity - mostly data centers \[2] around the globe.\ It does NOT include other forms of energy consumption, e.g. heating of office buildings, work related traveling of employees etc. It also doesn't account for energy consumed by the banking infrastructure Visa depends on. #### Transaction Capacity Normalization Transactions in application-specific Blockchain networks like Bitcoin are quite uniform in terms of size/complexity/cost. That makes the comparison with a conventional system like Visa straightforward.\ In smart contract capable blockchain networks like Ethereum or ARTIS, the size/complexity/cost of transactions can vary greatly, up to more than 2 orders of magnitude. For this comparison, we thus use "normalized" transactions. \ The Ethereum protocol specifies a fee of 21,000 "gas" for simple transfers of native tokens (e.g. ETH in Ethereum, ATS in ARTIS). This results in the following numbers for max. transaction capacities: | Network | Block Gas Limit | avg. block time (s) | Chains | Simple Tx Capacity (TPS) | | -------------- | --------------- | ------------------- | ------ | ------------------------ | | Ethereum 1.0 | 10,000,000 | 14 | 1 | 34 | | Ethereum 2.0\* | 10,000,000 | 14 | 64 | 2177 | | ARTIS | 10,000,000 | 5 | 1 | 95 | | ARTIS 2.0\*\* | 20,000,000 | 2 | 1 | 476 | | xDai Chain | 10,000,000 | 4 | 1 | 119 | \* Estimate based on currently available information - the numbers may change over time, depending on the number of active shards and their configuration
\*\* This is utilizing the Honey Badger BFT consensus algorithm and is part of the planned next step in the development of the ARTIS blockchain network. Keep in mind that TPS figures alone never give the full picture, because there's usually a tradeoff between max. throughput and decentralization/security.
#### Energy Efficiency Ranking First we want to look at current and future networks and compare their energy consumption per transaction (capacity). | Rank | Network | Validators | Power / Validator (Watt) | Energy Consumption (kWh/yr) | Wh/Tx | | ---- | ---------------- | ---------- | ------------------------ | --------------------------- | ------ | | 1 | ARTIS 🏆 | 10 | 100 | 8,760 | 0.0029 | | 2 | ARTIS 2.0 🏆 | 60 | 100 | 52,560 | 0.0035 | | 3 | xDai Chain 🏆 | 25 | 100 | 21,900 | 0.0058 | | 4 | Ethereum 2.0\* | 64,000 | 50 | 28,032,000 | 0.41 | | 6 | Visa | - | - | 444,063,0001 | 1.79 | | 7 | Ethereum 1.0\*\* | - | - | 7,500,000,0003 | 6,992 | *\* Ethereum 2.0 validators will likely be stateless clients which don't need to store the complete blockchain. This allows the use of less energy hungry computing devices.*
*\*\* Ethereum 1.0 uses Proof of Work. Its efficiency is estimated based on the overall consumption of energy, as provided by \[3]* As expected, a lower number of validators has a positive effect on the energy efficiency and also on the performance (in terms of TPS) of the network.\ There is an ongoing discussion about how many full copies of a blockchain are needed for sufficient decentralization and resilience. In our opinion this can't be easily answered and therefore we want to refer to the Blockchain Trilemma \[4], coined by Vitalik Buterin (founder of Ethereum), which describes the difficulty of reconciling decentralization, security and scalability as a starting point of further discussions. Wh/Tx isn't a very intuitive metric, thus we thought about a suitable analogy for the needed energy per transaction and settled with the energy radiated as heat by an adult human, which is [about 100 Watt](https://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-joule.htm). Using energy usage equivalents per transaction with this metric (in seconds of a human's heat radiation), the comparison looks like this:
| Network | Seconds of natural human body-heat radiation (approximated) | | ------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | ARTIS | **0.1 sec** 🧘 | | ARTIS 2.0 | **0.1** **sec** 🧘 | | xDai Chain | **0.2** **sec** 🧘 | | Ethereum 2.0 | **15 sec** 💃🏼🕺🏿 | | Visa | **64 sec** 🤼🤼🚴🚴🏋️🏋️🏋️ | | Ethereum 1.0 | **250,000 sec (=70h)** 🤼🤼🤼🤼🤼🤼🤼🚴🚴🚴🚴🚴🚴🚴🚴🚴🚴🚴🚴🏋️🏋️🏋️🏋️🏋️🏋️🏋️🏋️🏋️... | The number for Ethereum already looks outrageous.\ However... this is the number for Bitcoin: **about 5000h / 7 months**.
### Conclusion The ARTIS network is a highly energy efficient and performant blockchain system and will further improve with the upgrade to the Honey Badger BFT consensus. ### References \[1] Visa, CSR Report 2018: \[2] Visa, Fiscal Report 2019: \[3] Ethereum Energy Consumption: \[4] Blockchain Trilemma, Vitalik Buterin:
# Wallets Wallets come in many shapes and forms and are either natively supporting ARTIS or can be connected via custom RPC configurations often offered for Ethereum wallets. Custom RPC connection details: | Name | RPC | ChainID | Symbol | Explorer | | :------: | ---------------------------------- | ------------------------------- | ------ | ---------------------------------------- | | ARTIS ∑1 | |

246529 or

0x03C301

| ATS | | | ARTIS τ1 | |

246785 or

0x03C401

| tATS | | ## Mobile Wallets ### AlphaWallet Enable ARTIS ∑1 mainnet or ARTIS τ1 testnet in Settings > Select Active Networks > ...\ Available for iOS and Android {% embed url="" %} ### MetaMask Enable ARTIS ∑1 mainnet or ARTIS τ1 testnet in Settings > Networks > Add Network and provide the requested custom RPC details ( :eyes: see table above).\ Available for iOS and Android {% embed url="" %} ### Minerva Wallet In Settings you can decide to work either on test networks (ARTIS τ1, LUKSO L14, POA Sokol, Rinkeby, Ropsten, Kovan and Görli) or on main networks (ARTIS ∑1, xDai Chain, POA Core and Ethereum). \ Available for Android {% embed url="" %} ## Browser and Desktop Wallets ### MetaMask (Browser Extension) Open 'Networks' and select Custom RPC and provide the requested custom RPC details ( :eyes: see table above) {% embed url="" %} ### MyCrypto (Desktop) Connecting this wallet with ARTIS is done by Change Network > Show other Networks > ARTIS sigma1 or tau1 {% embed url="" %} ### Minerva Cash - ARTIS ∑1 Mainnet (Browser - Burner Wallet) Just open the link below in your favorite browser and interact with ARTIS ∑1 right away. The by far simplest way to transfer ATS coins. {% hint style="warning" %} Minerva Cash uses the local storage (like for cookies) of your browser to store the secret private key of this 'instant' wallet. It is very convenient for on-boarding, but not secure to store keys. You should at least backup your secret private key or seed phrase and avoid handling large amounts of ATS coins in it over a longer period of time. {% endhint %} {% embed url="" %} ### Minerva Cash - ARTIS τ1 Testnet (Browser - Burner Wallet) Just open the link below in your favorite browser and interact with ARTIS τ1 right away. The by far simplest way to transfer tATS coins. {% hint style="info" %} Like for Minerva Cash - ARTIS ∑1 mainnet, this is a simple way to on-board and demonstrate transfers with tATS on the ARTIS τ1 testnet. Because the coins are on the testnet, you can always refill the wallet via the [tATS Faucet](https://faucet.tau1.artis.network/ats/) in case you lost the coins. {% endhint %} {% embed url="" %} ## Hardware Wallets ### Ledger {% embed url="" %} ### Trezor {% embed url="" %} # ARTIS 2.0 - Transition Overview The current ATS coin holders have decided to migrate to ARTIS 2.0 and {% hint style="warning" %} The ARTIS 2.0 transition came to an abrupt and unexpected halt, after the difficulties with the OpenEthereum client during the Ethereum Berlin hardfork. More about it in our [blog post](https://lab10collective.medium.com/miva-auction-arrives-first-artis-awaits-for-another-moment-df1cb3601e98). {% endhint %} Current ATS coin holders have decided to become part of the ARTIS 2.0 (=ARTIS ∑2) network planned to launch in TBD. The xDai Chain will be used as an intermediate chain for all activities - including the listing on the Honeyswap DEX - until ARTIS ∑2 is started. ![General ARTIS ∑2 transition path - Gnosis Auction on hold until further clarifications](/files/-MZhQxgeyJxv4M8QvamB) {% hint style="info" %} Further details about ARTIS 2.0 can be found in the [roadmap](/about/roadmap), the [comparison](/about/comparisons/artis-2.0) and in the [Whitepaper](/artis-2.0-whitepaper/introduction). {% endhint %} For Step 1 & 2 there is a basic user interface to help you with the conversion of $ATS to $xATS for an exchange rate of 5:1, until April 16, 2021. Further details below. {% embed url="" %} Simple website to help you with the conversion via Metamask. {% endembed %} If you use Metamask and want to manually configure it for the xDai Chain (not using the "React App" ☝️), you need go to Networks and select "Custom RPC" and then fill the fields with: * Network Name: xDai Chain * New RPC URL: * Chain ID: 100 * Currency Symbol: xDai * Blockchain Explorer URL: ### [STEP 1: Transition Bridge](/artis-2.0/artis-2.0-transition-bridge) {% hint style="warning" %} Only if you have ATS coins on ARTIS ∑1, you have to do this step. {% endhint %} **Important Deadline:** This bridge will stay open until April 15, 2022 (for about 1 year). ### [STEP 2: Launch Contract](/artis-2.0/step-2-launch-contract) {% hint style="warning" %} Only if you have xATS\_tmp tokens (from Step 1), you have to do this step. {% endhint %} **Important Deadlines:** \ 1\) Starting with April 16, 2021 you will get 0.2% per day less for your xATS\_tmp\ 2\) You can convert xATS\_tmp until April 15, 2022 (1 year) | Date / Timeframe | ATS Sender | ARTIS 2.0 Pools | | ----------------------------- | ---------- | --------------- | | until April 16, 2021 | 20% | 80% | | 1 month later | 18.9% | 81.1% | | 6 months later | 14.7% | 85.3% | | 1 year later (April 15, 2022) | 11.6% | 88.4% | ### [STEP 3: Gnosis Auction](/artis-2.0/step-3-gnosis-auction) **Auction Start:** May 4, 2021 \ **Auction End:** May 11, 2021 ### [STEP 4: Honeyswap Listing](/artis-2.0/step-4-honeyswap-listing) **Listing Date:** May 11, 2021 ### [STEP 5: ARTIS ∑2 Genesis](/artis-2.0/step-5-artis-genesis) **Planned Genesis Start:** Q3, 2021 # Step 1: Transition Bridge This TokenBridge is made for the transition from ARTIS ∑1 to ARTIS 2.0. {% hint style="warning" %} Only if you have ATS coins on ARTIS ∑1, you have to do this step. {% endhint %} When transferring coins / tokens over bridges, you need to make sure that you can access the used account address on the recipient blockchain. The simplest way is by using wallets which support both chains, so that you can see the token on the other chain right away. Recommended wallets are: * [Metamask](/about/wallets#metamask) (Browser, Android & iOS) * [AlphaWallet](/about/wallets#alphawallet) (Android & iOS) * [MyCrypto](/about/wallets#mycrypto-desktop) (Desktop) ### **Send ATS from ARTIS ∑1 to xDai Chain** You have to send your ATS coins via a **mediator contract** to the xDai Chain and there you will get the xATS\_tmp (ERC20) tokens. This xATS\_tmp tokens will be received on the same address on the xDai Chain. {% hint style="warning" %} * Minimum transfer amount: 10 ATS * Gas Limit: min. 200,000 GWei Check your gas settings for Metamask to be correct, before confirming the transaction. {% endhint %} Send the desired **ATS coin** amount to the mediator contract at: `0x0b683eB188F83FA7a3243282e5d384eb4f1c3408` ![ATS --> xATS\_tmp Mediator Contract](/files/-MUri2hTTgImBJ4KRIGx) The contract can be found via the ARTIS ∑1 blockchain explorer ([here](https://explorer.sigma1.artis.network/address/0x0b683eB188F83FA7a3243282e5d384eb4f1c3408/transactions)) and is available on Github ([here](https://github.com/lab10-coop/artis-bridge-contracts)). ### Receive xATS\_tmp on xDai Chain On the xDai Chain you receive xATS\_tmp token in the same amount as you have sent to the mediator contract. In Alphawallet you should see the xATS\_tmp token automatically, but for Metamask and MyCrypto you will have to add the token to make it visible in your wallet. The xATS\_tmp token contract address to add the token to the wallet is: `0x49d2BB4A247E38b817E9404246DBc48Ca6707831` The xATS\_tmp token contract can be found via the xDai Chain blockchain explorer ([here](https://blockscout.com/poa/xdai/address/0x49d2BB4A247E38b817E9404246DBc48Ca6707831/transactions)). Additionally every account will get 0.01 xDai to pay for transaction fees. # Step 2: Launch Contract Convert your xATS\_tmp into xATS {% hint style="warning" %} Only if you have xATS\_tmp tokens (from Step 1), you have to do this step. {% endhint %} Transfer **xATS\_tmp tokens** to the 'Launch' smart contract and receive **xATS tokens**. **Exchange rate:** 5:1, e.g. for 5 xATS\_tmp you receive 1 xATS 'Launch' Contract address: `0x1Cb33B22118d1e60545A5241fF187f737B21732c` ![](/files/-MVmgYa4L95uegSNI9PV) The contract can be found via the xDai Chain blockchain explorer ([here](https://blockscout.com/xdai/mainnet/address/0x1Cb33B22118d1e60545A5241fF187f737B21732c/transactions)) and is available on Github ([here](https://github.com/lab10-coop/artis2-launch-contracts)). The xATS token contract address to add the token to the wallet is: `0x62f5cAA239A97b21AA61502963Cf8C33F8182e79` The xATS token contract can be found via the xDai Chain blockchain explorer ([here](https://blockscout.com/xdai/mainnet/address/0x62f5cAA239A97b21AA61502963Cf8C33F8182e79/transactions)). **Important Deadlines:** \ 1\) There will be a 0.2%/day reduced share the sender will receive starting with April 16, 2021, in order to mitigate the possible advantage of the block reward for current validators. \ 2\) The 'Launch' smart contract will stay open until April 15, 2022 (1 year). This is when it is clear what the exact circulating supply is, while the total supply will never exceed more than 300m ATS. | Date / Timeframe | ATS Sender | ARTIS 2.0 Pools | | ----------------------------- | ---------- | --------------- | | until April 16, 2021 | 20% | 80% | | 1 month later | 18.9% | 81.1% | | 6 months later | 14.7% | 85.3% | | 1 year later (April 15, 2022) | 11.6% | 88.4% | **Token Distribution:**\ Total xATS token supply: 300m The distribution will be re-allocated, where 20% of the xATS token will go to the xATS Sender and 10% or max. 30m xATS tokens are reserved for a Gnosis Auction and the subsequent Honeyswap listing. About 70% or the difference to reach a total token supply of 300m xATS will be reserved in the Community Pool to be released towards the ARTIS DAO which will be governed with the gATS token. # Step 3: Gnosis Auction The most fair way to find the initial settlement price. {% hint style="danger" %} Put on hold, due to uncertainty for the OpenEthereum client, which is the foundation of ARTIS 2.0 with Honey Badger BFT, streaming money and built in ATS deflation via stablecoin minting. More about it in our [blog post](https://lab10collective.medium.com/miva-auction-arrives-first-artis-awaits-for-another-moment-df1cb3601e98). {% endhint %} The 'Auction & Liquidity' Pool will be used to provide xATS tokens for the Gnosis Auction system (currently developed and specified, see [Github](https://github.com/gnosis/ido-contracts)). The Gnosis Auction is a way to find a **fair price** for a token, because everyone can provide a bid at any time and define the price freely (above a minimum price). If there are more bids than the provided token supply, the highest bids will get the tokens and will only pay the lowest full settlement price (= Final Price). ![](/files/-MVmWjtag87XmuRyhxSY) The details for the auction are not yet fully defined and will be released soon. In order to give you a sense of what parameters we will have: | Parameter | Value | | ----------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | **Duration** | [Awaits for another moment](https://lab10collective.medium.com/miva-auction-arrives-first-artis-awaits-for-another-moment-df1cb3601e98) | | xATS are sold for | xDAI | | Withdrawal Period | TBD, time before bids are locked | | Min. xATS price | TBD, minimum bidding price | | Min. xDAI Funding | TBD, minimum auctioning amount | | Auctioned xATS Tokens | TBD, total amount of available tokens | | Min. xATS bid package | TBD, smallest token package to bid on | | gATS Token Distribution | Additional rewarding of early and general participation | ### # Step 4: Honeyswap Listing Selecting the best DEX on xDai Chain for the first listing. {% hint style="danger" %} Put on hold, due to uncertainty for the OpenEthereum client, which is the foundation of ARTIS 2.0 with Honey Badger BFT, streaming money and built in ATS deflation via stablecoin minting. More about it in our [blog post](https://lab10collective.medium.com/miva-auction-arrives-first-artis-awaits-for-another-moment-df1cb3601e98). {% endhint %} Due to the high gas fees on Ethereum and the importance to have a broad token distribution the initial listing will happen on the [Honeyswap DEX](https://honeyswap.org). Further decentralized and centralized exchanges will be evaluated as well. **Planned Listing Date:** TBD The listing price will be defined by the IDO via the Gnosis Auction. The token pair is still to be decided. # Step 5: ARTIS ∑2 Genesis The birth of a new blockchain with outstanding properties. {% hint style="warning" %} Development of the Honey Badger BFT integration to the OpenEthereum client is continued by [DMD Diamond](https://bit.diamonds/), but for ARTIS ∑2 the uncertainty about the client needs to be resolved first, before significant resources can resume working on it. More about it in our [blog post](https://lab10collective.medium.com/miva-auction-arrives-first-artis-awaits-for-another-moment-df1cb3601e98). {% endhint %} ARTIS ∑2 will start in TBD with a 2-token setup: * sEUR as a stable coin for the payment of transaction fees; generated on Ethereum via [Synthetix](https://synthetix.io/). * ATS as a staking token needed to become a validator / candidate or to be used for staking on one of the existing validators / candidates. xATS token holder will be able to bridge their tokens from the xDai Chain to the ARTIS ∑2 network and receive ATS. There will be also use cases for the xATS token on xDai Chain and likely on Ethereum as well, as they are the most driving decentralized financial systems. For further information, please have a look at the [roadmap](/about/roadmap). # Introduction ARTIS is the decentralized backbone for tomorrow’s #ZeroCarbonSociety. We came to realize that the only way to solve the climate crisis fast enough, is by enabling ordinary citizens to take matters regarding the production and use of energy into their own hands. This demands a high performance, secure and versatile blockchain system, which serves as a foundation for Energy Communities, energy trading, data markets, asset tokenization and community currencies. Therefore, we build the ARTIS blockchain network with the most performant consensus algorithm - Honey Badger BFT - and it will be governed and funded by the community through staking and on-chain voting via a Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO). ARTIS 2.0 is a highly efficient, real-time blockchain system, offering zero transaction fees and streaming money. {% hint style="info" %} Further information about ARTIS 2.0 (ARTIS ∑2) can be found in the [roadmap](/about/roadmap), the [comparison](/about/comparisons/artis-2.0) and in the [launch details](/artis-2.0/artis-2.0-transition-overview). {% endhint %} {% tabs %} {% tab title="Light" %} The ARTIS 2.0 blockchain network is build with the sustainable energy and mobility market in mind. Consequently, it needs to be easily accessible for everyone, while providing the technical prerequisites to manage large numbers of participants and IoT devices, with lowest possible cost and attractive rewards for supporters. Economical sustainability and the security of the ARTIS 2.0 network is guaranteed through its native token ATS which will be used in several staking options. #### Real-Time Transactions on ARTIS 2.0 will be processed and finalized instantly, typically within 1-2 seconds. So there is no waiting time and recipients enjoy high security. \ Superfluid data- and cashflows between accounts will be natively integrated in ARTIS 2.0 enabling instant and on-demand subscriptions to all sorts of services. #### Efficient The need for a minimal energy consumption in combination with high security and performance was driving the development of ARTIS 2.0 and as a result the energy efficiency will be at least 500x better than a regular Visa transaction. Making it the most efficient blockchain system available. #### Sovereign ARTIS 2.0 is build for individuals, organizations and IoT devices and provides the infrastructure to handle decentralized identity and data in the most open and secure way. Data from all possible sources can then be used for machine learning in order to create a thriving ecosystem and solve the challenges of our time. #### Effortless ARTIS 2.0 will be the worlds first stable-chain using a digital Euro for transaction fees in combination with other stable tokens for payments. Additionally, applications will get the option to pay no transaction fee, simplifying the usability dramatically. {% hint style="success" %} ARTIS 2.0 is build for the next generation of the internet - the Web 3.0\ High performance, low energy consumption and effortless interaction are the design principles, enabling a better and fairer internet for all. {% endhint %} {% endtab %} {% tab title="Advanced" %} The ARTIS 2.0 blockchain network is build for the sustainable energy and mobility market and using several technological advancements which makes this network outstandingly good for IoT applications. The analysis of the energy and mobility markets needs over the last two years showed that it is best to leave the current ARTIS ∑1 blockchain network as is and start a new blockchain network (ARTIS 2.0 == ARTIS ∑2), with all the needed features at once. **3 Core Innovations** 1. Honey Badger BFT Consensus 2. Streaming Money - Superfluid Data- & Cashflows 3. 2-Token Stable-Chain Design **Features** * sEUR for transaction fees and payments * Zero-transaction fees for whitelisted applications * Honey Badger BFT consensus with special properties: * Censorship resistant * No MEV ('Miner Extractable Value') * Instant finality - about 1-2 sec. * Fully asynchronous behavior * Very high performance - e.g. 450 tx/sec. * Native streaming money support (standardized by Superfluid) * Permissionless Validator access with POSDAO staking system * EVM compatible and scalable via L2 protocols (e.g. Arbitrum) * Low relative and total energy consumption - e.g. 500x more efficient per transaction than Visa **Governance** The ARTIS ∑2 blockchain will be fully managed by the ARTIS DAO via the gATS governance token. Decentralizing the governance of the blockchain system is also essential to be in line with possible upcoming regulations. **Transition from ARTIS ∑1** The ARTIS ∑2 network will have a completely new token distribution and is not connected to the current ARTIS ∑1 network. It looks like that the ARTIS ∑1 network doesn't find enough supporters to be maintained in the future and therefore it is recommended to join ARTIS ∑2. ([Transition Details](/artis-2.0/artis-2.0-transition-overview)) {% endtab %} {% endtabs %} # Challenges & Solutions ARTIS 2.0 is designed for the energy and mobility market, able to manage money, data and identities in the most efficient way possible. ### 1. Poor Latency & Finalization Speed The feedback from the blockchain system that a transaction was included in a block can take from 5 sec. to 10 min. in the case of Bitcoin. Additionally for Proof-of-Work blockchains, like Bitcoin and [Ethereum](https://ethereum.org) you have to wait, 60 min. and 6 min. respectively, until you can be certain that the transaction is finalized and won't be put back into the pool of unprocessed transactions. As user we want to have instantly finalized money and data flows, but this causes a lot of problems when building a great DApp on top of current systems. Basically you have to fake it for the user and if something goes wrong with the processing, it has to be mitigated by the DApp - e.g. through a fraud prevention system. Solution: [Real-Time](/artis-2.0-whitepaper/challenges-and-solutions/real-time) ### 2. Energy Efficiency & Value Extraction Options Mining pools, Layer-2 aggregators and Validators in regular Byzantine Fault Tolerant (BFT) consensus algorithms are all in positions to censor transactions and act in their self-interest by influencing the transactions added to a block. Financial arbitration is important, but in a system with infinite arbitration possibilities like Ethereum, they also help to drive up the gas cost and render the system unusable for a broad set of, more cost sensitive, IoT driven applications. The use of a competitive consensus algorithm in the form of Proof-of-Work, causes a very high energy consumption for Bitcoin and Ethereum. The value function of these systems also lead to higher and higher energy consumption over time and worsens the already very poor energy efficiency per transaction even more. Solution: [Efficient](/artis-2.0-whitepaper/challenges-and-solutions/efficient) ### 3. Poor Identity and Data Integration While it is important to have a well functioning DeFi ecosystem, it also has slowed down the preparations to integrate a broader application space. So far there are no holistically designed blockchain systems with an integrated decentralized identity (DID) system for organizations and IoT devices in connection with a native support for decentralized data storage like [Swarm](https://ethswarm.org). This will be needed for any real world application in order to fulfill the needs of authorization, identification and simple data integration for payments. Data marketplaces as we can see with [Ocean v3](https://market.oceanprotocol.com/) or the [UPort](https://github.com/uport-project) development for DID's are a first steps into the right direction, but it needs to be integrated into an affordable system to leverage on composability. Solution: [Sovereign](/artis-2.0-whitepaper/challenges-and-solutions/sovereign) ### 4. Massive Friction The low scalability of Ethereum in combination with the great composability for DeFi, leads to transaction fees only justifiable for high value financial transactions. When on-boarding new users it is very hard to explain that there is a need for a native coin, which is needed to pay for transaction fees and that creates massive UX frictions. Solution: [Effortless](/artis-2.0-whitepaper/challenges-and-solutions/effortless) # Real-Time Users demand instant confirmations and ARTIS ∑2 will exceed that requirement. A blockchain systems has two important parameters when evaluating them if they are working in real-time: * Block time - between 5 sec. (ARTIS ∑1) and 10 min. (Bitcoin)\ *\[Earliest inclusion of transactions sent to the blockchain]* * Transaction Finality - between 1 min. (ARTIS ∑1) and 60 min. (Bitcoin)\ *\[Time until one can be certain that the transaction is final]* ARTIS ∑2 is built to set completely new standards. * Transaction Finality: 1-2 sec. * Streaming Money - Superfluid Cashflows: Enabling continuous value transfers. {% hint style="success" %} ARTIS ∑2 will be the fastest blockchain on the market. {% endhint %} # Efficient Efficiency on ARTIS ∑2 is two-fold, it consumes almost no energy per transaction and it avoids front running and censorship on the consensus layer. Consensus protocols - basically the way how servers define the truth about shared data - determine to a large part the performance and energy consumption of a blockchain system and also how much influence validators (or miners, or pools) have on the ordering or censoring of transactions. ARTIS ∑2 uses a new and novel consensus protocol [published in 2016 by Andrew Miller et al.](https://eprint.iacr.org/2016/199.pdf) called Honey Badger BFT (HBBFT) consensus. It is built into the [OpenEthereum](https://github.com/openethereum) client (formerly known as Parity client), currently maintained by Gnosis. All validators work in a cooperative way together to form new blocks through a threshold signature scheme, where once 2/3 of all validators have signed the block, the outcome is revealed and also finalized. Due to the cooperative and leaderless nature of the Honey Badger BFT (HBBFT) consensus the energy consumption of ARTIS ∑2 is only: | Energy (Wh) / Transaction | Human Radiation (100 Watt) | Relativ to Visa | | ------------------------- | -------------------------- | --------------- | | 0.0035 | 0.1 sec. | >500x better | Furthermore, the use of threshold signatures among the validators effectively mitigates the risk of front running and censorship on the protocol layer. This doesn't just reduce fraud, it also reduces automated load on the system, when it comes to financial transactions. {% hint style="success" %} ARTIS ∑2 will be one of the most efficient blockchain system on the market. {% endhint %} # Sovereign ARTIS ∑2 democratizes not just money, but also data and identities. Therefore, challenging data and identity monopolies through radical decentralization. In todays increasingly data driven world we head towards monopolistic structures, where very few powerful entities control our lives, our governments and the future of smaller organizations. Bitcoin was invented to challenge the governmental sovereignty of money and during 2020 it became apparent, that DeFi on Ethereum is in fact challenging the whole financial system. While the path is clearly laid out for money, it is less apparent for identities and for data. This is where ARTIS ∑2 will have a much higher focus, by providing the infrastructure for Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs), Verifiable Credentials (VCs) and connections towards decentralized storage systems like Swarm or IPFS. IoT devices, individuals and organizations will need tamperproof identities to tap into the new data economy and they will also own their keys. Paraphrasing Andreas Antonopoulos: "Not your keys, not your money, not your data, not your identity". {% hint style="success" %} ARTIS ∑2 will enable new data marketplaces for everyone and every thing. {% endhint %} # Effortless ARTIS ∑2 will enable new use cases in connection with IoT devices. Effortless on-boarding of users is therefore essential for the success of DApps. Public blockchains typically use a volatile coin to pay transaction fees - e.g. ETH for Ethereum or AVAX for Avalanche. While transaction fees are typically low as long as the limited block space is not filled, transaction fees become outrageously high, once blocks are filled - e.g. in Ethereum simple transactions can easily cost 5 EUR. Real-world applications can't handle that and need transaction cost < 0.01 EUR. ARTIS ∑2 uses sEUR as its coin and therefore there will be no volatility for the price of the coin. Additionally the available block space will only have to be paid if it exceeds 20% of total capacity: * 0 sEUR transaction fee for 20% of the block space * \~0.0002 sEUR transaction fee for simple transactions (Gas price: 10 Gwei) {% hint style="success" %} ARTIS ∑2 will have 0€ or very low, predictable transaction fees. {% endhint %} # Markets ARTIS 2.0 is tailored for the energy and mobility market in order to solve global problems. The following markets are partially addressed by startups and companies, but so far the available blockchain options didn't serve the needs for a IoT driven future. That will change with ARTIS 2.0, as it addresses the problems at the core. ### Energy Communities Energy system are typically very centralized and the market is historically highly regulated. But due to the need to act against climate many countries are becoming serious in their efforts to allow a broad participation in building and running Distributed Energy Resources (DER) and forming energy communities. The EU - a market with over 200m households - the Clean Energy Package mandates all member states to allow the exchange of energy among neighbors in 2021 and grant tax relieves and grid fee reductions. Read more about this [here](/about/use-cases/communities-and-trading). ### Asset Tokenization Distributed Energy Resources (DER) will see massive investments over the next decades in order to tackle climate change. Ideally the capital flows are as efficient as possible and therefore the ARTIS 2.0 blockchain network will be best positioned to serve that upcoming markets. After every boom in the crypto markets, there is a phase where people secure their wealth in real-world assets, e.g. houses or other real-estate. Investing in DER will be one of the safest options to invest, as it is clear that the energy consumption will increase over time and people need energy to live a convenient life. ### Data Marketplaces Data is kept in silos of big and small corporations and most data scientists struggle to find the data needed to develop the next great AI system. Making that data available in an open marketplace is something which will benefit innovation and human development in unprecedented ways. The first steps into that future can be seen with the [Ocean Market](https://market.oceanprotocol.com) using standard ERC-20 data-tokens and a Balancer pool logic for staking and curating the data sets made available by the publishers. ### Physical Internet Platforms The Corona-Pandemic has accelerated the trend towards online purchase and delivery to everyones doorstep. Unfortunately, the transport industry is said to have only a 10% overall efficiency and when talking about solutions, it comes down to a concept called Physical Internet (PI), where standard boxes are hauled from storage unit to storage unit with small trucks, being loaded and unloaded in line with the routing for the packages. This will reduce cost and improve efficiency, but it also will need a fully automated blockchain based accounting system in order to have an open market and to make sure everyone can benefit from it. You find a more in depth explanation [here](/about/use-cases/physical-internet-platform). ### Multimodal Traveling Platforms Traveling during Corona became hard and even before the many new restrictions were imposed, it was hard to plan a trip and book tickets for it. This is mainly due to the siloed information and the vast amount of participants in the transport sector. Contractual obligations and business models make even small integrations really hard to implement. This will change with an open platform like ARTIS 2.0, which will allow data, money and identity information flow in an easy way. More on this subject [here](/about/use-cases/mulit-modal-travelling-platform). ### Carbon Markets and Sequestration Tesla's revenue in 2020 from their emission credits was $1.4 billion \[Bloomberg, Jan 27, 2021] and it visualizes how important carbon credit markets have become. Government use them to support a green agenda and companies known for their polluting business model support some development opportunities to reduce or at least not further inflate the carbon emissions. Beside the carbon markets there is a real chance to solve climate change via carbon sequestration in soils and that is a potential mega market in order to avoid widespread fraud. Details on this opportunity can be found [here](/about/use-cases/satellite-monitored-carbon-sequestration). # ARTIS DAO ARTIS 2.0 starts as a truly decentralized blockchain system and is right from the start managed by the ARTIS DAO. ARTIS DAO governance is composed of three elements: Communication, Voting and Treasury. The ARTIS DAO will move from a multi-sig solution to a fully decentralized system governed by the **gATS token**. The gATS token will be used as soon as the currently developed on-chain / off-chain system is available. While the details have still to be defined, it is clear that the gATS token will be connected to a bonding curve in order to separate the ATS / xATS token mainly used for staking from the gATS token which is used for voting. The bonding curve for the gATS token works like an automated market maker for everyone willing to sell or buy gATS token at its current xATS price. ![Example for Price/Collateral Curves (reference: Molecule Blog)](/files/-MUlw35DY8StDykfLrCY) ### Communication #### Discord The main communication channel will be on Discord in order to allow a playful and rewarding working ground. Everyone seeking to get funding from the ARTIS DAO is encouraged to engage with the community on Discord and discuss ideas and proposals. #### Forum The forum will be a more structured way to discuss ideas and proposals and gain momentum before putting something to a vote. Especially if someone is asking for money from the treasury, it will most likely only be accepted, if a proper discussion took place and the proposal is clear. ### Voting In the beginning the vote will have to be made by every gATS token holder, but over time also systems with liquid democracy will be considered. #### Funding Proposals Fundings should benefit the wider ARTIS ecosystem, be it DApps building on top of ARTIS or business development and marketing activities to extend the number of use cases. Funding proposals will have to go through a predefined process on the forum in order to be eligible for voting and they will be held in regular intervals (e.g. monthly). #### Opinion Polls Finding a common sentiment is helpful with prioritizing work and discovering blind spots in the ecosystem. Therefore regular opinion polls on various subjects can be held and they will likely have a less formal process on the Discord server. #### Protocol Votings Voting on protocol changes will include the rewarding of validators as well as actions against malicious validators. Changes to the core protocol, be it requirements for candidates or staking parameters have to be put up for a vote as well. Especially every vote which affects the sustainability of the protocol will go through an extensive discussion process, in order to do informed decisions. ### Treasury Every decentralized system needs a sustainable way of funding and the ARTIS DAO is equipped with its own treasury in order to fund and subsidize activities for the ARTIS ecosystem. As outlined in the [Tokenomics](/artis-2.0-whitepaper/tokenomics), there are 4 Phases: Growth, Mature, Stable and Value. For each of them the available amounts of ATS token as well as other value holding assets will vary, but once the Value Phase is reached, the inflows should match the outflows. Guaranteeing a sustainable operation for the whole ecosystem. # Exchange Listing Trading of ATS with sufficient liquidity is essential for the success of a project and ARTIS 2.0 follows a step-wise approach. The listing on Decentralized Exchanges (DEX) as well as on Centralized Exchanges (CEX) helps to build up enough liquidity to trade ATS without much slippage. ### Step 1: Honeyswap DEX The [xDai Chain](https://xdaichain.com) the home of the [Honeyswap DEX](https://honeyswap.org) and it is a clone of Uniswap. Therefore it has the same advantages and disadvantages as Uniswap, but benefits from the low transaction fees on xDai Chain. Creating pools, adding or withdrawing liquidity or simple swapping are almost free. \ The liquidity on this DEX is on the rise and the [1Hive community](https://wiki.1hive.org/), which developed Honeyswap, is very active in the space, preparing several financial protocols - e.g. a borrowing/lending protocol called Agave which is a Aave fork. ### Step 2: Sushiswap | Uniswap | Balancer DEX Ethereum has several great and highly liquid DEX protocols - [Uniswap](https://uniswap.org), [Sushiswap](https://sushiswap.fi/), [Balancer](https://balancer.finance/) to name a few - which are continuously improved, e.g. the Balancer v2, with a common token pool and multi-token pools not bound to 50:50. Balancer even offers mitigations to avoid impermanent loss. At the time of writing, it is hard to tell which of the protocols is the best for ATS to get a listing and it will be up to the ARTIS DAO to decide which ones should be supported. ### Step 3: Top 30 - CEX Being listed on a CEX helps all beginners as well as established traders to access the ARTIS ecosystem and even the first CEX listing should be on a well positioned one, with high reliability and security. ### Step 4: Top10 - CEX A listing on a top CEX broadens the access for traders to access the ARTIS ecosystem and therefore it is paramount to be listed on one of the top tear exchanges. This listing of ATS will put ARTIS on par with the EWT and MIOTA. # Liquidity & Staking ARTIS ∑2 will be secured via the ATS token and consequently it is essential to enable easy, decentralized staking for everyone also before the blockchain is started. The 2-Token system was pioneered by [xDai Chain](https://xdaichain.com) and is now a well established in the crypto ecosystem. In order to have a sustainable and secure system, all participants in ARTIS 2.0 will be offered various ways to get rewarded. Before the genesis of the ARTIS ∑2 blockchain, the xATS token can be used to provide liquidity on the Honeyswap DEX or used in various DeFi protocols on the xDai Chain. ![xATS on xDai Chain & ATS on ARTIS ∑2 needed in POSDAO](/files/-MWypnOhWwb-Js0Q23Rg) ### xATS on xDai Chain #### Liquidity Provider Decentralized exchanges like Honeyswap, allow everyone to become a Liquidity Provider (LP) and receive rewards based on their share of the liquidity pool. #### EasyStaking EasyStaking is a protocol developed by the POA Network for the xDai Chain and is currently only available on Ethereum for the STAKE token. Nevertheless, is could be easily deployed on xDai Chain and serve in a similar way for xATS token and provide rewards for every staking participant. #### Farming There are several farming protocols developed on xDai Chain, which allow the rewarding of participants. It is up to the ARTIS DAO what and how much incentives are provided for particular protocols. ### ATS on ARTIS ∑2 xATS token are converted to ATS token once the bridge to ARTIS ∑2 is established. The main purpose of ATS token in be beginning will be the use in the POSDAO system. Candidates need to stake ATS token in order to become part of the active Validators. Delegators, which don't want to run their own blockchain servers can earn rewards for supporting the best Candidates to become Validators. The paper about the POSDAO system, by Igor Barinov et al. can be found [here](https://forum.poa.network/uploads/short-url/r5IY70tfTPezuvXzUQRNTaQsNbU.pdf). ![Roles and actors in the POSDAO staking system.](/files/-MU3svUhmjivTerYu2_P) ### ATS on Ethereum The by far most active DeFi ecosystem is on the Ethereum blockchain and therefore it is also planed for the [Step 2 exchange listing](/artis-2.0-whitepaper/exchange-listing#step-2-sushiswap-or-uniswap-or-balancer-dex), to move ATS to Ethereum using the recently enabled reverse [Omnibrige connecting xDai Chain with Ethereum](https://honeyswap.org/xdai-bridges) for native xDai Chain ERC20 token. ### ATS on Binance Smart Chain Binance has launched its Smart Chain (BSC) in September 2020 and there is already a working [Omnibridge connecting the BSC with the xDai Chain](https://bsc-to-xdai-omnibridge.web.app/). This can be used to move ATS to the Binance DeFi ecosystem, e.g. [PancakeSwap](https://pancakeswap.finance/). # Competition While ARTIS ∑1 was a blockchain system like many, the ARTIS ∑2 is targeting the needs of the energy and mobility market much more specifically. ARTIS ∑2 is built to serve the IoT market exceptionally well and therefore it can be compared to Energy Web Chain and IOTA. ![Simplified Comparison: ARTIS ∑2 | Energy Web Chain | IOTA](/files/-MWytBvhw1P6NFkA_uhY) {% tabs %} {% tab title="Light" %} ### Market and Organization | | ARTIS ∑2 | Energy Web Chain | IOTA | | ------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------- | --------------------------- | |

Market Cap
(March 6, 2021)

|

Gnosis Auction
May 4, 2021

(for 1 week)

| $513 million | $3.69 billion | | Total Token Supply | 300,000,000 ATS | 100,000,000 EWT | 2,779,530,283,277,761 MIOTA | | Validators | **Permissionless** | Permissioned | Central Controller | | Funding | **ARTIS DAO** | Energy Web Foundation | IOTA Foundation | | Governance | **Decentralized** | Centralized | Centralized | ### General Info | | ARTIS ∑2 | Energy Web Chain | IOTA | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ---------------------- | ---------------- | ------------ | | Chain Type | **Ethereum Sidechain** | Consortium Chain | DAG | | Smart Contracts | Yes | Yes | No | | DeFi Infrastructure | **Yes** | No activity | Not possible | | [Sovereign Identity](/about/sovereign-operating-system/decentralized-id-layer) | **Yes** | No | No | ### Performance | | ARTIS ∑2 | Energy Web Chain | IOTA | | -------------------- | ------------ | ---------------- | ----------------- | | Block Time | **1-2 sec.** | 5 sec. | 1-5 min. upload | | TPS Capacity | **450** | 135 | 50 | | Transaction Finality | **1-2 sec.** | 1 min. | 80% after 10 min. | | Streaming Money | **Yes** | Not available | Not possible | ### Cost | | ARTIS ∑2 | Energy Web Chain | IOTA | | ---------------- | ------------------ | ---------------- | ---- | | Transaction Fees | **No** or very low | Very low | Low | | Stable Tx Fees | **Yes** | No | No | ### Token System & Interoperability | | | | | | | ---------------- | ------------------------------------------------ | ----------------- | ------------------ | -------------------- | | Token Structure |

Dual token
(sEUR | ATS)

| Single Token (EWT) | Single Token (MIOTA) | | ERC20 tokens | Yes | Yes | No | | | Interoperability | **Coin & Token Bridges** | Coin Bridge | No | | | Staking | **Yes** | No | No | | ### Other Distinctive Properties | | ARTIS ∑2 | Energy Web Chain | IOTA | | -------------------- | -------- | ---------------- | ------------- | | Protocol Randomness | **Yes** | Not available | Not available | | Censorship Resistant | **Yes** | No | No | | {% endtab %} | | | | {% tab title="Advanced" %} ### Market and Organization | | ARTIS ∑2 | Energy Web Chain | IOTA | | ------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------- | --------------------- | --------------------------- | |

Market Cap
(Feb. 15, 2021)

|

EasyAuction
March 26, 2021

| $430 million | $3.7 billion | | Mainnet Launch | Q3/2021 (plan) | July 2019 | July 2016 | | Total Token Supply | 300,000,000 ATS | 100,000,000 EWT | 2,779,530,283,277,761 MIOTA | | Circulating Supply (Feb. 15, 2021) | ca. 90,000,000 ATS (initially planned) | 33,034,323 EWT | 2,779,530,283,277,761 MIOTA | | Validators | **Permissionless** | Permissioned | Central Controller | | Funding | **ARTIS DAO** | Energy Web Foundation | IOTA Foundation | | Governance | **Decentralized** **via gATS** Token (planned) | Centralized | Centralized | ### General Info | | ARTIS ∑2 | Energy Web Chain | IOTA | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | -------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Chain Type | **Ethereum Sidechain** | Consortium Chain | DAG (called Tangle) | | Consensus | **HBBFT** ([more details](/about/r-and-d/honeybadger-bft-testing-sonnwende+-project#honey-badger-bft-performance-tests)) | AuRa | Random Walk Monte Carlo + Central Controller | | Network Synchrony | **Asynchronous** | Synchronous / Asynchronous | Centralized (see [shutdown for 12 days](https://www.coindesk.com/iota-being-shut-off-is-the-latest-chapter-in-an-absurdist-history) \[2]) | | Keys Reusable | Yes | Yes | No | | Smart Contracts | Yes | Yes | No | | DeFi Infrastructure | **Yes** | No activity | Not possible | | Spam Protection | Tx Fees | Tx Fees | Proof-of-Work | | IP Address needed for | Validators | Validators | every Edge Device | | [Sovereign Identity](/about/sovereign-operating-system/decentralized-id-layer) | **Yes** | No (using Kilt) | No | ### Performance | | ARTIS ∑2 | Energy Web Chain | IOTA | | -------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------ | | Send Transaction | instant | instant | 1-5 min. (upload time, PoW on device) | | Block Time | **1-2 sec.** | 5 sec. | - | | TPS Capacity | **450** ([reported](/about/r-and-d/honeybadger-bft-testing-sonnwende+-project)) | 135 (estimated) |

50 (estimated)

1000 (reported) \[1]

| | Transaction Finality | **1-2 sec.** | 1 min. | ca. 80% after 10 min. ([link](https://thetangle.org/)) | | Streaming Money | **Within the protocol** | Not available | Not possible | |

Actual Load
(Feb. 15, 2021)

| - | ca. 1 TPS | ca. 7 TPS | | Explorer | - | [Link](https://explorer.energyweb.org/) | [Link](https://thetangle.org/) | ### Cost | | ARTIS ∑2 | Energy Web Chain | IOTA | | ---------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------- | ------------ | | Transaction Fees |

€0 (20% of block gas limit)

€0.0002 (Rest)

| €2.1\*10^-13 | €0.0013 \[3] | | Stable Tx Fees | **Yes** | No | No | | Edge Device Cost | Very low | Very low | Medium | | Validator Cost | Medium | Medium | Medium | ### Token System & Interoperability | | | | | | | --------------------- | ------------------------------------------------ | ----------------- | ----------------------- | -------------------- | | Token Structure |

Dual token
(sEUR | ATS)

| Single Token (EWT) | Single Token (MIOTA) | | Other tokens possible | Yes | Yes | Colored Coins (planned) | | | Interoperability | **TokenBridges + OmniBridges** | TokenBridge | No | | | Staking | **Public dPoS (POSDAO)** | No | No | | | Staking Token | ATS | No | No | | ### Other Distinctive Properties | | ARTIS ∑2 | Energy Web Chain | IOTA | | ------------------------------ | ------------------------- | ---------------- | --------------------- | | Metatransactions | Yes | Yes | No | | Protocol Randomness | **Yes** | Not available | Not available | | Compatibility with Ethereum | 100% | 100% | No | | Censorship Resistant | **Yes** | No | No (Centralized) | | Miner Extractable Value (DeFi) | **unlikely / impossible** | possible | No, DeFi not possible | \[1] \[2] \[3] {% endtab %} {% endtabs %} # Tokenomics Read more about the capped and deflationary ATS token supply, its use cases and the distribution. The ATS is the token needed to secure the ARTIS ∑2 blockchain, will have applications in various staking protocols and is needed to mint EUR-Stablecoins in Phase 3 (Stable). ### ATS Token Supply **Total Token Supply:** 300m ATS (capped)\ Phase 3: Start to become deflationary, due to burn when minting EUR-Stablecoin\ **Initial Circulating Supply:** 90m ATS\ ARTIS DAO: 60m ATS for Phase 1 (Growth) ![ATS Token Supply over Time](/files/-MUKsvxS2mKvUXZn3v6P) ### ATS Token Use Cases * Phase 1: * Staking (POSDAO: validators, candidates and delegators) * Liquidity provider (Honeyswap DEX) * Farming and staking on xDai Chain DeFi protocols * Staking in bonding curve for gATS (ARTIS DAO governance token) * Phase 2: * everything from Phase 1 and, * Liquidity provider (Ethereum DEXs & BSC DEXs), * Borrowing & lending protocol integration, * Farming and staking on Ethereum DeFi protocols, * Data market token curation and staking * Phase 3: * everything from Phase 2 and, * Borrowing & lending protocol on ARTIS ∑2, * Collateral for EUR-Stablecoin ### ATS Token Distribution In Phase 1 (Growth), about 50% of the total ATS token supply will be either available or under the management of the ARTIS DAO. In Phase 2 (Mature), additional 20% of the total ATS token supply will be under the management of the ARTIS DAO. In Phase 3 (Stable), additional 20% of the total ATS token supply will be made available for the ARTIS DAO. In Phase 4 (Value), the last 10% of the total ATS token supply will be made available for the ARTIS DAO. ![ARTIS DAO: 30% of total token supply | Current ATS holders: 20% of total token supply ](/files/-MUL6kQQrx0y1hN7sjW0) # Conclusion ARTIS ∑2 will provide outstanding stability and resilience. Innovation continues to flourish in the blockchain space and every insider could see the massive growth during the last years and finally also reflected in valuations on the crypto market. The ARTIS ∑1 blockchain was a highly innovative system in 2018, but now in 2021 we can see that a simple upgrade wouldn't serve the market demand good enough. Therefore the ARTIS 2.0 redesign will result in the completely new ARTIS ∑2 blockchain system, incorporating the learning from the last 5 years in the blockchain space. ### Build for DeFi DeFi is essential for every public blockchain system in order to reduce the friction for use cases and provide the best efficiency for markets. ARTIS ∑2 will have a high performance, instant finality, avoid frontrunning and will be fully censorship resistant. ### Built for Data Data will be the next big market potential on blockchain systems, but all DeFi blockchains run into problems with prohibitive transaction fees. ARTIS ∑2 will provide zero or low transaction fees, with high predictability for use cases, canceling the fear of uneconomical businesses. ### Built for Identity Identity is typically in the hands of central providers, private or public and they tend to exploit their power over these identities. ARTIS ∑2 will give people and organization their sovereignty over their identity back and with that it enables an independent and flourishing innovation space. ## Outlook We live on a crowded planet and ARTIS 2.0 will help to make the world a better place, by consuming as little resources as possible and help to solve may climate related issues, taping into the biggest markets we know - ENERGY and DATA. The time is now to become an active promoter for the most efficient technologies available and ARTIS 2.0 is the answer to many of our pressing challenges we need to solve in the next decades. We look forward to go with you onto this journey. Your ARTIS Team # Education Package On-boarding new crypto users is sometimes a major challenge and therefore we provide an easy and playful way to interact with ARTIS. The Education Package utilizes the [Minerva Cash](/about/wallets#minerva-cash-browser-burner-wallet) web wallet and the EduLottery smart contracts deployed to the ARTIS blockchain: {% embed url="" %} We recommend a step-wise approach to explain some basics about crypto and blockchain networks and include the EduLottery and distribution of ATS among the participants into your presentation. # Tools Here we list tools needed to interact with ARTIS 1.0 Here are the articles in this section: {% content-ref url="/pages/-MJLRzGcUtb\_8w-dCF8r" %} [Explorers](/archive/tools/explorers) {% endcontent-ref %} {% content-ref url="/pages/-MJLS8s20nD5wJPCOlnQ" %} [ARTIS <> Ethereum Bridges](/archive/tools/artis-to-ethereum-bridges) {% endcontent-ref %} {% content-ref url="/pages/-MM6kl99TpeZ\_wHuYjTR" %} [ARTIS <> xDai Chain Bridge](/archive/tools/artis-to-xdai-chain-bridge) {% endcontent-ref %} {% content-ref url="/pages/-MJLSn7jd\_ywVkcPptPi" %} [Governance DApps](/archive/tools/governance-dapps) {% endcontent-ref %} {% content-ref url="/pages/-MNNof7nstTsdE8oM\_eg" %} [ARTIS NFC Demo App](/archive/tools/artis-nfc-demo-app) {% endcontent-ref %} {% content-ref url="/pages/-MK4J7D3-bG9uG84gXLg" %} [tATS Faucet](/archive/tools/faucet) {% endcontent-ref %} # Explorers ARTIS uses the open-source Blockscout explorer. ### ARTIS ∑1 Mainnet {% embed url="" %} ### ARTIS τ1 Testnet {% embed url="" %} # ARTIS <> Ethereum Bridges ARTIS uses the TokenBridge developed by POA Network to connect EVM-compatible blockchains. ### TokenBridge / OmniBridge You can find detailed information about the way it works [here](https://docs.tokenbridge.net/). ### ATS <> ATS20 on Ethereum Bridge {% embed url="" %} #### **Simple Transfer - Send ATS20 from Ethereum to ARTIS ∑1 and receive ATS** You have to send your ATS20 tokens via a **bridge contract** to the ARTIS ∑1 blockchain and there you will get the ATS coins. This ATS coins will be received on the same address as used on the Ethereum mainnet. Send the desired **ATS20 token** amount to the bridge contract at: **`0xEfc737ECE4098B8e4AA7D6029EFC29880f7DAe24`** {% hint style="warning" %} * Minimum transfer amount: 0.5 ATS20 * Gas Limit: min. 110,000 {% endhint %} #### **Simple Transfer - Send ATS from ARTIS ∑1 chain to Ethereum mainnet and receive ATS20** {% hint style="danger" %} Due to the planned transition towards ARTIS 2.0, it is NOT recommended to move ATS to the Ethereum mainnet! {% endhint %} You have to send your ATS coins via a **bridge contract** to the Ethereum mainnet and there you will get the ATS20 tokens. This ATS20 tokens will be received on the same address as used on the ARTIS ∑1 blockchain. Send the desired **ATS coin** amount to the bridge contract at: **`0xA6fecAec16A8eEe9A3eF8eADa79FB244f493E33b`** {% hint style="warning" %} * Minimum transfer amount: 1000 ATS * Gas Limit: min. 200,000 {% endhint %} ### DAI <> sDAI on ARTIS Bridge {% embed url="" %} ### PLY <> PLY on ARTIS Bridge {% embed url="" %} # ARTIS <> xDai Chain Bridge ARTIS uses the TokenBridge developed by POA Network to connect EVM-compatible blockchains. There is so far no website for the convenient transfer you can use with the [ARTIS <> Ethereum bridges](/archive/tools/artis-to-ethereum-bridges), but that should follow soon. When transferring coins / tokens over bridges, you need to make sure that you can access the used account address on the recipient blockchain. The simplest way is by using wallets which support both chains, so that you can see the token on the other chain right away. Recommended wallets are: * [Minerva Wallet](/about/wallets#minerva-wallet) (Android) * [Metamask](/about/wallets#metamask) (Android & iOS) * [AlphaWallet](/about/wallets#alphawallet) (Android & iOS) * [MyCrypto](/about/wallets#mycrypto-desktop) (Desktop)\ ### **Send ATS from ARTIS ∑1 to xDai Chain** You have to send your ATS coins via a **mediator contract** to the xDai Chain and there you will get the xATS (ERC20) tokens. This xATS tokens will be received on the same address on the xDai Chain. Send the desired **ATS coins** amount to the mediator contract at: **`0x474cCfAc20CC2dfb3A3eC5Def2EB75404366f424`** {% hint style="warning" %} * Minimum transfer amount: 100 ATS * Gas Limit: min. 200,000 GWei {% endhint %} ### **Send xATS from xDai Chain to ARTIS ∑1** You have to send your xATS (ERC20) tokens via a **mediator contract** to the ARTIS Chain and there you will get the ATS coins. This ATS coins will be received on the same address on the ARTIS ∑1 blockchain. Send the desired **xATS tokens** amount to the mediator contract at: **`0x2DAAd23a8E7a9F3079cD1c3f0820f62019eb6560`** {% hint style="warning" %} * Minimum transfer amount: 1 xATS * Gas Limit: min. 200,000 GWei {% endhint %} # Governance DApps ARTIS Trustnodes (=Validators) are run by known organizations and individuals and the governance is done on-chain via DApps. ### Governance DApp Any change among Trustnodes is done through on-chain voting. {% embed url="" %} ### Metadata DApp Details about Trustnode operators are stored on-chain via this DApp. {% embed url="" %} ### Ceremony DApp During network launch, this DApp was used to generate all keys for the initial Trustnode operators. {% embed url="" %} # ARTIS NFC Demo App Android package to interact with the Security 2Go Infineon NFC Card This app can be used to demonstrate the transfer of ATS (ARTIS ∑1 network) and tATS (ARTIS τ1 network) via the NFC card from the [Infineon Security 2Go starter kit](https://www.infineon.com/dgdl/Infineon-Product-Brief-Blockchain-Security-2Go-starter-kit-PB-v01_00-EN.pdf?fileId=5546d46269e1c019016a0165c27a4161). {% embed url="" %} # tATS Faucet The ARTIS Faucet provides coins to allow the permissionless interaction with ARTIS. ## ARTIS τ1 Testnet Get going on the ARTIS τ1 testnet with the [Minerva Wallet](/about/wallets) or [Minerva Cash](/about/wallets) and test the exchange of tATS. {% embed url="" %} # Getting ATS coins ATS coins are the native currency on the ARTIS ∑1 blockchain network and are needed to pay transaction fees and to run a validator. ### ATS via OTC Sale ATS is currently not listed on a DEX or a CEX and therefore the only option to get larger amounts of ATS is via over-the-counter sale. Currently the [lab10 collective](https://lab10.coop) is selling a limited amount of ATS to accredited investors (>50k €) with a full KYC/AML check. Everybody else interested in ARTIS 2.0 should join the [Discord](https://discord.gg/zBFefyhfQ5) server and have a look at the fair [Gnosis Auction](/artis-2.0/artis-2.0-transition-overview#step-3-easyauction). ### Get ATS20 on Ethereum {% hint style="danger" %} Stopped: ATS20 can't be purchased anymore on Ethereum mainnet! {% endhint %} {% hint style="warning" %} If you send ETH to this contract the transaction will fail and you loose your transaction fee! {% endhint %} You could get your hands onto ATS20 on Ethereum by sending ETH to the contract: [0xcc1320a48c76385e17e4e1c759ce8ea1d11687c2](https://etherscan.io/address/0xcc1320a48c76385e17e4e1c759ce8ea1d11687c2) Further details on how it worked: {% embed url="" %} To transform these ATS20 into ATS, they have to be moved back to the ARTIS ∑1 blockchain via the [ATS <> ATS20 bridge](/archive/tools/artis-to-ethereum-bridges#ats-less-than-greater-than-ats20-on-ethereum-bridge). ### tATS on ARTIS τ1 Testnet If you just want to deploy your DApp onto the ARTIS τ1 Testnet or experiment with Minerva wallets (see [Wallets](/about/wallets)) then you can get your first tATS coins from the faucet: {% content-ref url="/pages/-MK4J7D3-bG9uG84gXLg" %} [tATS Faucet](/archive/tools/faucet) {% endcontent-ref %}